╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; DOI:10.26697/ijsa IJSA SOCIAL SCIENCES. Education & Educational Research ORIGINAL RESEARCH Preparation of Future Specialists of the Social Sphere for the Formation of a Healthy Lifestyle of Pupils in the Professionally-Directed Educational Environment AuthorтАЩs Contribution: Kostina V. V.1 ╨Р╨Т╨бDEFG A тАУ Study design; B тАУ Data collection; 1 H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Ukraine C тАУ Statistical analysis; D тАУ Data interpretation; E тАУ Manuscript preparation; F тАУ Literature search; G тАУ Funds collection Received: 25.08.2019; Accepted: 22.09.2019; Published: 30.11.2019 Abstract Background and Preparing future social pedagogues and social workers for prevention activities with Aim of Study: students in general and forming healthy lifestyles in particular is an important task of modern professional education of social specialists. The aim of the study: to determine the effectiveness of the impact of the developed scientific and methodological support of the process of training future specialists in the social sphere to form a healthy lifestyle of students on indicators of their personal and professional potential. Material and Methods: The following complex of theoretical research methods has been used: analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization literature and interpretation of results. Methods of mathematical statistics have been used. The use of the Pearson criterion ╧З2 in the statistical processing of experimental data in groups E 1 and K1 (students of H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University) allowed to determine a significant difference in the readiness of future specialists of the control and experimental groups after the experiment and to prove the effectiveness of the experimental work. Results: The article revealed the components of the process of professional training of future specialists in the social sphere to work on the formation of healthy lifestyles of students, as well as the peculiarities of its organization in the various social institutions that carry out the function of preventing their maladjustment. Conclusions: The analysis of the results of the experimental study on the problem of preparing future specialists in the social sphere to form a healthy lifestyle of pupils allowed to draw the conclusions about efficiency of an experimental study on the formation of health-saving readiness of future social pedagogues and social workers in the conditions of state and non-governmental social institutions of the network of social care institutions affiliated with Higher Education Institutions. Keywords: professional training, future specialists in the social sphere, prevention of maladjustment of students, forming a healthy lifestyle, professionally-oriented educational space, social institutions. Copyright: ┬й 2019 Kostina V. V. Published by Archives of International Journal of Science Annals DOI and UDC DOI 10.26697/ijsa.2019.1-2.01; UDC 378.147.013.42:364-78 Conflict of interests: The author declares that there is no conflict of interests Peer review: Double-blind review Source of support: Departmental sources Information about Kostina Valentyna Viktorivna (Corresponding Author) тАУ https://orcid.org/0000-0003- the author: 2410-7497; Vkostina2014@gmail.com; Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy; H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University; Kharkiv, Ukraine. 5 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 2, No. 1-2, 2019 Introduction maladjustment, as well as an experimental study of the Given the proliferation of aggression, bullying, various impact of the developed methodological support on the addictions in the environment of children and young indicators of their personal and professional potential. people, the problem of preventing maladjustment of Materials and Methods students in recent years has become extremely urgent, The following complex of theoretical research methods which necessitates the active search for effective ways has been used: analysis, comparison, generalization, to prepare future professionals in the social sphere to systematization literature and interpretation of results. form a healthy social life of students. Preparing future Methods of mathematical statistics have been used. The social pedagogues and social workers for preventative use of the Pearson criterion ╧З2 in the statistical activities with students in general and shaping healthy processing of experimental data in groups of students of lifestyles in particular is an important task of modern H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical professional education for social specialists, so it needs University allowed to determine a significant difference to take into account the requirements of the present in the readiness of future specialists of the control and (formation of humanistic orientation of actions and experimental groups after the experiment and to prove professional behavior, decisions, readiness to work in the effectiveness of the experimental work. crisis situations, etc) during its implementation. Analyzing and summarizing the results of research and The realization of the above requirements is possible teaching practice has made it possible to argue that the during the organization of the process of professional role of social institutions in preventing the phenomenon training of future social pedagogues and social workers of social maladjustment of students is crucial, so in the conditions of professionally-oriented educational preparing future professionals in the social sphere to space, which provides conditions for conducting perform a preventive function is an important task of training sessions, practices and student scientific professional education. So, Lodkina (2009) proposes the researches at the institutions of higher education and introduction of schools of socio-ecological approach, institutions partnering with it, that conduct work on which provides three areas: childhood ecology, family prevention of maladjustment of students. ecology and society ecology тАУ which allows to create an The analysis of the scientific literature showed that the educational environment that provides priority to the researchers studied the following aspects of the problem values of life, health and development of the child. The of professional training of future social pedagogues and scientist notes that among the leading directions in work social workers to prevent maladjustment of students: with children are: identification of children in the risk features of interaction of social pedagogues with older zone, identification of causes that lead to child adolescents who are prone to manifestations of addictive maladjustment, as well as prevention in them of behavior; the formation of healthy lifestyles of students; manifestations of deviant behavior, formation in technological and methodological support for the students need for a healthy lifestyle (Lodkina, 2009, prevention and correction of adolescent addictive p. 82). behavior in the work of social pedagogues of different An important aspect in preparing future professionals in social institutions; formation of specialistsтАЩ readiness for the social sphere for the prevention of maladjustment of preventive work with high school students; preparation students is to study the characteristics of psychological of future social pedagogues and social workers for characteristics of children and young people who are preventive work with students with deviant behavior; prone to manifestations of deviant behavior. Thus, preparation of future social pedagogues for preventive Malykhina (2012, p. 46) states that when looking for activity in educational and training institutions. ways to prevent adolescent immoral acts, it is important However, despite the great variety of research works, the to тАЬpay attention to the individual, in all the variety of problem of training future specialists in the social sphere characteristicsтАЭ. The scientist has determined the to form a healthy lifestyle students under partnership of general psychological conditions for preventing different social institutions is underdeveloped, lacks its immoral acts that affect the effectiveness of the entire scientific and methodological support, which would educational process with adolescents in school fully ensure professional self-determination and self- (Malykhina, 2012, p. 89): timely diagnosis of immoral improvement of future specialists in the indicated behavior of adolescents; formation of consciousness and direction. self-consciousness, which determines the correct The aim of the study. To determine the effectiveness of attitude to moral norms; development of a positive the impact of the developed scientific and motivations and needs sphere of adolescent personality; methodological support of the process of preparation of establishing a trusting relationship between the future specialists in the social sphere for the prevention caregiver and the pupil. of maladjustment of students, the introduction of which Based on the ideas of the aforementioned scientists, we allowed to develop a special professional competence to introduced a supplement to the content of the training of form a healthy lifestyle of students in the conditions of future specialists in the social sphere during the created professional-oriented educational space, on the acquisition of the special course тАЬSocial work on indicators of their professional personal potential. forming a healthy lifestyleтАЭ, which allows to increase The objectives of the article are: characterization of the the indicators of their personal and professional components of content and features of preparation of potential regarding the basics of diagnosing problems future social pedagogues and social workers to work on and difficulties of socialization of children and youth the formation of healthy lifestyles of students in that lead to the development of maladjustment, by different social institutions as a basis for preventing their getting acquainted with the methods of creating and 6 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; DOI:10.26697/ijsa IJSA using in the work of a social pedagogue of the general тАЬdifficult childrenтАЭ who have suicidal tendencies: secondary education institution a student тАЬhealth trainings to get out of difficult life situations, identify passportтАЭ and methods of formation of healthy lifestyles abilities and interests, communicate with teenagers in terms of various social institutions. about plans for the future, etc. We consider it necessary Researchers have shown that the occurrence of various to familiarize future social pedagogues and social deviations in students' behavior is much easier to predict workers with the peculiarities of using the above- and create conditions for their avoidance than to later mentioned means in preventive work with students who make efforts to correct them. Thus, Korchova (2007, are prone to suicidal behavior, which will improve their pp. 48тАУ49) developed a structural-logical model of professional health-saving competence. prevention of sexual deviance of high school students, One of the important problems in the work of social which reflects the system of preventive work, which is a workers is prevention of child neglect in Ukraine. specific subsystem in the general system of school work. Orzhekhovskaya (2009, p. 6) identifies the following The scientist argues the need for the formation of sexual strategic directions of its decision: 1) creation of such culture of high school students (Korchova, 2007, preventive space for the child and such educational pp. 55тАУ58), which contains the following components system at school, which would prevent alienation of (cognitive: knowledge of the basics of a healthy pupils from the educational institution, ensure a positive lifestyle, the idea of human sexuality; emotional- microclimate in the school teams, facilitate the volitional: willingness to master inter-gender skills, acquisition of specific preventive methods by subject behavioral: compliance with the rules and rules of teachers, classroom leaders, deputy directors of sexual culture). The researcher defined the following educational work, school psychologists, social criteria (physiological culture, psychological culture, pedagogues; the need to consolidate the efforts of the ethical culture, social culture) and indicators (physical school, law enforcement agencies, NGOs, religious development, awareness of sexual physiological denominations, work with parents; 2) implementation of functions of the human body, abandonment of bad measures to adapt and re-socialize street children by habits; correspondence of sexual life to actual age, introducing ... alternative forms of education and formation of morally-acceptable intercourse between upbringing ... maximizing the use of social rehabilitation sexes, the formation and priority of human values, the schools; 3) providing training for the prevention of child presence of a positive ideal, the understanding of neglect. socially-acceptance forms of sexual relations, formed Analysis of the research of Ternovets (2013, pp. 50тАУ52) social responsibility, responsible attitude for the destiny showed that among the effective forms of preparation of of another person, formed vision of the future family) future social pedagogues for the prevention of social formation of high-value social motives of high school orphanage in school the following were identified: students, aimed at preserving and strengthening the workshop тАЬCreating a data bank of innovative social and sexual culture, self-education skills, positive moral pedagogical experienceтАЭ, video lectures тАЬModern attributes. pedagogical technologies to prevent the emergence of The researcher also determined the conditions that social orphansтАЭ, trainings тАЬPsychology of pedagogical ensure the effectiveness of the school of formation of communicationтАЭ (for social pedagogues); research work sexual culture of high school students (Korchova, 2007, (participation in conferences, olympiads, competitions pp. 137тАУ138): improving the quality of upbringing and of student scientific works, projects, grants of the education of high school students, taking into account Department of Social Pedagogy of Shevchenko LNU), their individual and age characteristics of psychosocial talks, consultations, round tables, etc (for future social development and use of educational interactive pedagogues). Given the above ideas of researchers, it is technologies; providing pedagogical personnel with the important in the preparation of future social pedagogues latest pedagogical technologies, forms and methods of and social workers to create conditions for organizing forming the sexual culture of high school students, continuous interaction of social work students with introducing them into the practice of comprehensive pupils deprived of parental care and prone to vagrancy, educational institutions; organization of purposeful who are the pupils of specialized institutions scientific and practical work with parents through (psychologists, social rehabilitation centers working psychological-communicative trainings, discussions, with young people who are addicted to narcotic lectures, role-playing games, problem seminars, substances, etc) during the acquisition of variant special seminars-workshops using interactive forms and courses, training and on-site practice during 3-5 years of teaching methods; formation of high-motivated high study and participation in research. school students for healthy lifestyle and sexual culture. As Kyrychenko and Kovganich (2009, p. 7) point out, Considering the above conditions in the preparation of тАЬthe attribute of an innovative educational institution of future social pedagogues will allow timely detection and the 21st centur becomes an educational space that is prevention of the spread of sexual deviance among opened, aimed at fostering a child as a subject of oneтАЩs students. own life and success, and mastering one's vital The influence of social and pedagogical activity on competenceтАЭ. Researchers define the principle of educational, physical cultural and healthy work on the тАЬpreventiveтАЭ as one of the leading principles of formation of the health culture of schoolchildrens and construction of educational space (transformation of risk students was studied by Melnyk (2017, 2019). environment into space of opportunities for self- Fetisova (2014) proposes to use the following realization of a childтАЩs personality makes it possible to preventive tools for the work of a social pedagogue with significantly increase the efficiency of educational 7 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 2, No. 1-2, 2019 work, to prevent the spread of negative phenomena in We consider it necessary to acquaint future the child and youth environment) (Kyrychenko & professionals in the social sphere who carry out Kovganich, 2009, p. 9). Scientists have identified the preventive work with students, with the proposed model following methodological tools that will allow to solve during the acquisition of the special course тАЬDesigning effectively the problems of educational space social and educational environmentтАЭ, which will (Kyrychenko & Kovganich, 2009, pp. 10тАУ11): enhance their professional competence in this direction. reorganized councils of student self-government; special Given that negative effects such as aggression and subjects or elective courses that promote self- bullying have become widespread in the student development of the individual; an extensive network of environment, work to prevent child abuse is an circles and clubs for the sake of pre-vocational training important area of social work to prevent students from and vocational guidance; children's and youth non- maladjustment. Analysis of the results of the research of governmental organizations. The use of the ideas of Panchenko (2013) allowed to identify in the content of Kyrychenko and Kovganich (2009) in the professional social and pedagogical work of general secondary training of future specialists in the social sphere made it education institutions and other social institutions three possible to substantiate the need to form their types of prevention of child abuse: primary (informing willingness to organize complex health-saving activities children and young people from prosperous families at all levels of interaction of specialists in the about legal norms and real life situations regarding environment of a certain social institution: in the context abuse); secondary (group work with children, parents of of student self-government and social services, in terms тАЬat-riskтАЭ families to build knowledge and life skills of professional interaction with parents and students, in needed to protect against violence, as well as terms of professional interaction with colleagues from establishments that assist victims of violence through different social institutions and during scientific training, information, clarification, etc); tertiary (mainly research. Analysis and generalization of the results of provided in shelters, specialized institutions for children the research by Pykhtina and Novhorodskyi (2007, and young people, who are prone to risky behavior p. 11) allowed to identify groups of children who are through consultations and peer and self-help groups). prone to maladjustment: school-age children not The researcher (Panchenko, 2013, pp. 42тАУ46) also attending school; orphans; socially-orphaned children; singled out the features and suggested different forms adolescents using drugs and toxic substances; and methods of preventive work with parents, children, adolescents with sexually explicit behavior; teenage teachers and in the environment (lectures, parent offenders. We consider it necessary to acquaint future universities, parental meetings, trainings, etc). specialists in the social sphere with the above-mentioned Familiarization of future social pedagogues and social classification of pupils in order to determine the features workers during the practice-oriented training on the of preventive work with vulnerable categories of student basis of partnership with Higher Education Institutions youth. network with the essence and peculiarities of work on Among the important directions of early prevention of the prevention of abuse of children ensures the social and pedagogical neglect of the child, the acquisition by future specialists of special professional researchers identify the following (Pykhtina & competence in the specified direction while studying Novhorodskyi, 2007, pp. 20тАУ25): 1) humanization of the subjects such as тАЬTechnology of social and pedagogical educational process through the introduction of workтАЭ, тАЬTechnology of social work abroadтАЭ, тАЬSocial and innovative pedagogical technologies in the educational rehabilitation work in specialized institutionsтАЭ. environment developing healthy lifestyle values; Training of future specialists in higher education expansion of leisure activities; creation and introduction institutions was studied by Melnyk and Pypenko (2018). of technologies of early diagnostics of various forms of An analysis of the results of PredborskajaтАЩs (2006, p. 15) deviant behavior); 2) improving family relationships research showed that тАЬcontemporary changing reality through outreach to parents, working with families at requires probabilistic thinking: the complication of risk); 3) assisting the individual in self-improvement things requires the complication of mental structures, and self-realization through preventive training and which, in turn, implies corresponding changes in the education. content and methods of teachingтАЭ. Taking into account Familiarization of future specialists in the social sphere the ideas of the researcher, in the process of professional with the abovementioned conditions, which provide full training of future specialists in the social sphere to work socialization and individualization of the childтАЩs on the prevention of maladjustment of students during personality, will allow to carry out preventive activities the mastering of the discipline тАЬEthnopedagogyтАЭ there in the educational environment comprehensively and to were used innovative experience, new forms and ensure the elimination of negative factors at different methods of social work with vulnerable contingents in levels (personal, micro-environment and environment). order to develop in students probabilistic thinking and To carry out prevention activities with students, the means to work in a changing world, to enable them Pykhtina and Novhorodskyi (2007, pp. 170тАУ171) to adapt professionally in their learning and professional propose to use a model that combines four components development (Kostina, 2018b). of the pedagogical model of prevention: 1) information; Analysis and synthesis of scientific studies on the 2) education; 3) an alternative that will allow us to form philosophy of education showed that among the an adequate self-esteem and feel useful in society; problems of modern professional education, scientists 4) interventions (specialist consultations, helpline, peer see the low level of general methodological training of coaching, creation of new communication groups, etc). future professionals and suggest introducing special 8 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; DOI:10.26697/ijsa IJSA courses in philosophy of life to improve the No. 36, Kharkiv Gymnasium No. 43, Kharkiv characteristics of the pedagogical process (Korotiaiev, Specialized School of ╨Ж-╨Ж╨Ж╨Ж Grades No. 134 of Kharkiv Kurylo, & Savchenko, 2010). To increase the level of City Council of Kharkiv Region, CSSFCY of Kyiv and preparedness of future specialists in the social sphere to Kholodnogorsk districts of Kharkiv, The Kharkiv work on the formation of healthy lifestyles of students, Regional Center for Social and Psychological we introduce them to the philosophical foundations of Rehabilitation of Children and the Municipal health care activities as a basis for forming their Community Center for Kharkiv Regional Center for professional outlook while mastering the discipline Social and Psychological Rehabilitation of Children тАЬSocial work for preservation and promotion of healthтАЭ. тАЬHarmonyтАЭ, by the Community Service and Social Results Services Charitable organization тАЬCaritas-KharkivтАЭ, by Based on the above ideas of scientists, with the aim of тАЬKharkiv Charitable Foundation BlagoтАЭ, Kharkiv increasing the effectiveness of professional training of Regional Public Organization тАЬCulture of HealthтАЭ, future social pedagogues and social workers to prevent Sector of Juvenile Probation in Kharkiv, a branch of the maladjustment of students, the formation of their special State Institution тАЬProbation CenterтАЭ in Kharkiv region, competence to form a healthy lifestyle of students which provided opportunities for professionalization of through the implementation of complex professional future social pedagogues and social workers of the health saving activities of various specialists in the field experimental group in the direction of forming a healthy of coordination of specialists in the system of various lifestyle of students during the organization of training social institutions we have developed such scientific and sessions, educational events, practices and conducting methodological support (Kostina, 2016, 2017, 2018a, scientific research on mentioned topics. 2018b): training manual тАЬTheory and Practice of Ethno- Future social pedagogues and social workers, during the Pedagogical Means in Professional Training of Social experimental study, had the opportunity not only to get Workers to Prevent Maladjustment of StudentsтАЭ, acquainted with the theoretical bases of health-saving тАЬCurricula and Methodological Support for Special activities with students, but also to learn the practice of Courses for Future Social Pedagogues and Social preventive health-saving activities during direct WorkersтАЭ, тАЬDesigning a social and educational interaction with leading specialists of the social sector environment for studentsтАЭ, тАЬSocial work on forming a and in different social institutions (general secondary healthy lifestyleтАЭ, methodical materials to ensure the education institutions, centers for social and passage of social and pedagogical practice in the psychological rehabilitation for children, CSSFCY, Institutions of Secondary Education and social services, community organizations, etc). An important aspect of the introduction of training тАЬProfessional skills of a their professional training was learning the experience specialist in the field of work with vulnerable of partnerships between specialists of different social contingentsтАЭ, methodological materials for the institutions in order to solve studentsтАЩ problems and preparation of scientific studies on social pedagogy and prevent their maladjustment (Kostina, 2018a, pp. 142тАУ social work on the problem of prevention of 147). Among the interesting experiences of interaction maladjustment of students. With the introduction of the with students belonging to vulnerable contingents, above-mentioned methodological support in the process accumulated by future social pedagogues and social of preparing future social pedagogues and social workers, it is worth mentioning the carrying out of workers, an enriched professionally-oriented educational activities for the formation of healthy way educational space was created, the presence of which of life for students displaced from the ATO zone on the made it possible to realize certain components that make basis of COCF тАЬCaritas-KharkivтАЭ, Republican up the content of professional readiness of future prophylactic quest from COKhCF тАЬBlagoтАЭ, specialists in the social sphere to form a healthy organization of preventive measures for children lifestyle; locate student in the тАЬrisk zoneтАЭ; identify the deprived of parental care, on the bases of centers for causes that lead to maladjustment of students; social and psychological rehabilitation of children and prevention of studentsтАЩ divergent behaviors through the sector of juvenile probation of the city of Kharkiv multi-level and multi-directional activities to help and others. students develop healthy lifestyle needs and develop The analysis of the results of the experimental study healthy lifestyle skills. revealed the positive dynamics of indicators of personal In order to create a professionally-oriented educational and professional potential of future specialists in the space during the experimental study, cooperation social sphere compared with the results of agreements were concluded between H. S. Skovoroda measurements in the control group (see Table 1), which Kharkiv National Pedagogical University with Kharkov allowed to confirm the effectiveness of the developed Pedagogical Lyceum No. 4, Kharkiv High School scientific and methodological support. Table 1. Dynamics of formation of future social educators and social workers readiness for prevention of studentsтАЩ maladaptation (%). The beginning of the experiment End of experiment Levels of manifestation ╨Х1 ╨Ъ1 ╨Х1 ╨Ъ1 Professionally specialized 0.0 0.0 31.6 10.5 Professionally qualified 26.3 31.6 42.1 31.6 Primary 39.5 57.9 26.3 57.9 Insufficient 34.2 10.5 0.0 0.0 9 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 2, No. 1-2, 2019 Statistical processing of data using PearsonтАЩs criterion ╧З2 made it possible to determine that there is a statistical to check the homogeneity of distribution between difference between samples E1 and K1, which is groups E1 and K1 after forming the experimental part evidence of its effectiveness (see Table 2). Table 2. Statistical verification of experimental study results using the Pearson criterion ╧З 2. Groups ╨а-value before Statistical difference ╨а-value after Statistical difference ╨Х ╨Ъ experiment between groups experiment between groups ╨Х1 ╨Ъ1 6.271<7.378 Absent 9.071>7.378 Exists Discussion References The analysis of scientific researches on the problem of Fetisova, A. V. 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Kharkiv: FOP the experiment and to prove the effectiveness of the Mezina. [in Ukrainian] experimental work. Kostina, V. V. (2016). Zmist ta osoblyvosti profesiinoi A promising direction for further research is to identify pidhotovky maibutnikh fakhivtsiv sotsialnoi opportunities to use the developed scientific and sfery do roboty zi zberezhennia ta zmitsnennia methodological support for training social professionals zdorovia dezadaptovanykh ditei ta molodi to form a healthy lifestyle of pupils in the system of [Content and features of professional training of further professional development of social sphere future social experts to work on preserving and specialists and in training volunteers. promoting the health of maladapted children and young people]. In S. 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International Journal of Science Annals, 2(1-2), 5тАУ11. doi:10.26697/ijsa.2019.1-2.01 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://ijsa.culturehealth.org/en/archive This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en). 11