International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2020 SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES. Health Care Sciences ORIGINAL RESEARCH International View at Health: World after Pandemic COVID-19 AuthorтАЩs Contribution: Melnyk Yu. B.1,2 ABCDEFG A тАУ Study design; B тАУ Data collection; 1 Kharkiv Regional Public Organization тАЬCulture of HealthтАЭ (KRPOCH), Ukraine C тАУ Statistical analysis; 2 Scientific Research Institute KRPOCH, Ukraine D тАУ Data interpretation; E тАУ Manuscript preparation; F тАУ Literature search; G тАУ Funds collection Received: 01.11.2020; Accepted: 03.12.2020; Published: 20.12.2020 Abstract Background and Nowadays the whole human race is undergoing a crisis caused by the COVID-19 Aim of Study: pandemic, whose duration and consequences are difficult to forecast. In the face of the real danger we begin redefining conceptual bases of mankind, as well as the role of the state as a guarantor of the health safety of its citizens and the world community. The aim of the study: to explore the influence of different approaches to solving the pandemic problem in Ukraine, Singapore, and China on the indicators of COVID-19 dynamics. Material and Methods: A complex of methods was used: theoretical тАУ factor-criterion analysis, abstraction, comparison, synthesis, systematisation, generalisation; empirical тАУ observational methods (systematic observation); methods of mathematical analysis. Results: The study of the indicators dynamics showed that different approaches to solving the pandemic problem in Ukraine and Singapore had significant differences. Compared to Singapore in Ukraine for 4 months in 2020, the number of COVID-19 cases is 22.5 times higher, the number of recovered is only 6.5 times higher, and the number of deaths is multiple times higher: 2908.5 times. The connection between the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic (cases, recovered, deaths) in Ukraine, Singapore, China and the measures taken by the governments of these countries, as well as the personal responsibility of the population, was determined in the study. Conclusions: The infection which appeared in one country can transform into a global world problem in a matter of seconds. Responsible policy and practice instead of manipulation and bureaucracy are able to protect people of the risk group and create favourable conditions for life activity of those who do not belong to this group. Important factors in successfully overcoming the pandemic is the personal responsibility of citizens and health culture of the population. Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, indicators, dynamics, health culture Copyright: ┬й 2020 Melnyk Yu. B. Published by Archives of International Journal of Science Annals DOI and UDC DOI 10.26697/ijsa.2020.2.4; UDC 614.441/.442:614.444:614.447:614.461 Conflict of interests: The author declares that there is no conflict of interests Peer review: Double-blind review Source of support: This research did not receive any outside funding or support Information about Melnyk Yuriy Borysovych тАУ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-4638; the author: YBM.office@gmail.com; Doctor of Philosophy in Pedagogy, Associate Professor; Founder and Chairman of the Board, Kharkiv Regional Public Organization тАЬCulture of HealthтАЭ; Director, Scientific Research Institute KRPOCH; Kharkiv, Ukraine. 24 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa IJSA Introduction The world which we lived in, has changed for several Certainly, strict authoritarian government measures months of 2020, and will never be the same as before. have produced a significant effect on resisting the spread Nowadays the whole human race is undergoing a crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Still, the issues of whose duration and consequences are difficult to how it is justified, what its efficiency is for an individual forecast. Even model developers and computer country and the world on the whole, are left to be specialists cannot give precise prognoses of the way analysed. Government policies in different states further events related to the COVID-19 pandemic will concerning administrative measures (starting with develop. closing borders and finishing with work of national Science and technologies have turned to be powerless health systems) are necessary to be considered as well. not only in terms of resisting this pandemic but also in The aim of the study. To explore the influence of terms of foretelling how the events will change. The different approaches to solving the pandemic problem in problem was that model developers did not have any Ukraine, Singapore, and China (from formal idea of how the virus would behave in natural government measures to personal responsibility and conditions. Modelling was based on the possibility to health culture of the population) on the indicators of control the virus, i. e. control of the man as a virusтАЩ COVID-19 dynamics. master but not of a virus as a virus molecule beyond the master. Materials and Methods Despite an extremely tiny size (there can be tens of A complex of methods was used: theoretical тАУ factor- millions of virus entities on one square millimetre criterion analysis, abstraction, comparison, synthesis, (Koops, 2020) and a short life of SARS-CoV-2 systematisation, generalisation; empirical тАУ Coronavirus, this period turned to be enough for its rapid observational methods (systematic observation); spread around the whole world. methods of mathematical analysis. Undoubtedly this spread has been mainly caused by a manтАЩs significant role in it. But why have all the Results measures over people who carry this virus, proved to be In the study of the quantity of those who have caught the low-efficient in confronting this threat? The infection disease, and recovered after it, and the indices of the that appeared on the territory of a sub-provincial town death rate to demonstrate different strategies by Wuhan in the province of Hubei in China, has grown struggling the COVID-19 pandemic, we based on the from a local problem into the one of an international official data of Johns Hopkins University, Coronavirus scope just for several months. Resource Center (2020). As we have mentioned China, for fairnessтАЩ sake I should To analyse the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic admit that namely China has demonstrated the highest spread, I have chosen the country that I live in (Ukraine), indices in struggling COVID-19 spread and measures of and the country situated in the list next to Ukraine giving medical assistance to the infected population. (Singapore), Tables 1тАУ3. Table 1. The COVID-19 pandemic indicators (June 28, 2020). Position Country Number of cases Number of recovered Number of deaths 34 Singapore 43,246 37,163 26 35 Ukraine 42,932 19,350 1,121 Table 2. The COVID-19 pandemic indicators (July 1, 2020). Position Country Number of cases Number of recovered Number of deaths 34 Ukraine 45,924 20,244 1,188 35 Singapore 44,122 39,011 26 Table 3. The COVID-19 pandemic indicators (October 28, 2020). Position Country Number of cases Number of recovered Number of deaths 21 Ukraine 374,023 155,028 6,938 66 Singapore 57,987 57,883 28 We use the comparison method to analyse the data. This calculating the deviations of indicators in the method assumes the calculation of deviations: relative comparative period (data in Table 1 and Table 3) are (based on the growth rate) and absolute. The results of presented in Table 4. Table 4. Results of calculating deviations of indicators in the comparative period. Growth rate, % Relative deviation, % Absolute deviation, people Country Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number of of of of of of cases of deaths of cases of cases recovered recovered deaths recovered deaths Ukraine 871.2 801.2 618.9 771.2 701.2 518.9 331,091 135,678 5,817 Singapore 134.1 155.8 107.7 34.1 55.8 7.7 14,741 20,720 2 25 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2020 The analysis of the deviations obtained shows that the growth rate of the number of cases over four months was 871.2% in Ukraine and 134.1% in Singapore. The increase in the number of cases by country in absolute and relative terms, accordingly, amounted to 331,091 people or 771.2% (Ukraine) and 14,741 people or 34.1% (Singapore). The growth rate of the number of recovered people during this period was 801.2% in Ukraine and 155.8% in Singapore. The increase in the number of recovered people by country in absolute and relative terms, Figure 2. Dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in accordingly, amounted to 135,678 people or 701.2% Ukraine (for October 28, 2020). Courtesy: John Hopkins (Ukraine) 20,720 people or 55.8% (Singapore). CSSE (https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com). The growth rate of the number of deaths during this period was 618.9% in Ukraine and 107.7% in Singapore. The increase in the number of deaths in absolute and relative terms across countries, accordingly, amounted to 5,817 people or 518.9% (Ukraine) and 2 people or 7.7%. Such a tendency indicates that over four months the number of cases in Ukraine is 22.5 times higher than the number of cases in Singapore. At the same time, the number of recovered in Ukraine exceeds Singapore only 6.5 times. And the number of deaths in Ukraine is multiple times higher than that in Singapore: 2908.5 Figure 3. Dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in times. Singapore (for October 28, 2020). Courtesy: John To analyse the overall dynamics of the COVID-19 Hopkins CSSE (https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com). pandemic in the world in 2020, as well as the comparative characteristics of the spread of infection in individual countries, we add the indicators of the country in which COVID-19 cases were first recorded тАУ China. Figure 1 shows the general dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world, Figure 2 тАУ in Ukraine, Figure 3 тАУ in Singapore, Figure 4 тАУ in China, in 2020. Figure 4. Dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in China (for October 28, 2020). Courtesy: John Hopkins CSSE (https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com). The comparative analysis of graphs showing dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine and Singapore, as well as China, gives us an idea about instability of this process (Figure 5). Figure 1. General dynamics of the COVID-19 The dynamics of indicators (the number of cases, pandemic in the world (for October 28, 2020). recovered, deaths from COVID-19) in these three Courtesy: John Hopkins CSSE countries dated October 28, 2020, is presented in (https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com). Figure 6. Figure 5. Dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic (a тАУ Ukraine, b тАУ Singapore, c тАУ China (for October 28, 2020). Courtesy: John Hopkins CSSE (https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com). 26 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa IJSA 374023 400000 350000 Indicator value, people 300000 250000 155028 Number of cases 200000 91222 8603 Number of recovered 150000 57987 57883 Number of deaths 100000 50000 6938 4739 28 0 Ukraine China Singapore Figure 6. Dynamics of the COVID-19 by indicators: Number of cases, Number of recovered, Number of death in Ukraine, China, and Singapore (for October 28, 2020). In Ukraine, the number of cases was 374,023 people; the Summing up, Ukraine has the largest number of number of recovered was 155,028 people, which in COVID-19 cases (more than 4 times in comparison with relative terms corresponds to 41.45%; the number of China and more than 6 times in comparison with deaths reached 6,938 people or 1.85% of the total Singapore). As a result, we can assume a significant number of cases. increase in the number of deaths among the sick In China, the number of cases was 91,222 people; the population. In China, the factors influencing the number of recovered was 86,031 people, which in pandemic are under control, despite the average level of relative terms corresponds to 94.31%; the number of recovered and the higher level of deaths among these deaths reached 4,739 people or 5.20% of the total countries. In Singapore, the factors influencing the number of cases. pandemic are being kept under control to the greatest In Singapore, the number of cases was 57,987 people; extent, which is characterized by the highest number of the number of recovered was 57,883 people, which in recovered, the lowest number of cases and the lowest relative terms corresponds to 99.82%; the number of number of deaths. deaths reached 28 people or 0.05% of the total number To determine the influence for the main factors on the of cases. number of recovered and deaths of the population with COVID-19 in 2020, we draw a diagram of the ratio of these indicators for three countries (Figure 7). 100 90 80 Indicator value, % 70 Ukraine 60 China 50 Singapore 40 41,45 94,31 99,82 30 20 10 1,85 5,20 0,05 0 Recovered/Cases Death/Cases Figure 7. The ratio of the Number of Recovered to the Number of Cases, and the Number of Deaths from COVID-19 to the Number of Cases in Ukraine, China, and Singapore (for October 28, 2020). It testifies the possibility to influence the speed of the confronting COVID-19 spread, resources of the national COVID-19 pandemic spread. health system as well as responsibility of the population In my opinion, there have been the following main of the country for prophylaxis and counteraction to the factors: government measures, orientation at disease spread. 27 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2020 Discussion defend themselves and their surrounding from catching In the face of the real danger we begin redefining COVID-19. conceptual bases of mankind, nation, state, family, October 4, 2020, scientists Kulldorff, Gupta, and individuum in dialectics: democracy тАУ authoritarianism, Bhattacharya (2020) released тАЬThe Great Barrington technocracy тАУ humanism, freedom of movement тАУ DeclarationтАЭ, that assumed the so-called тАЬFocused observation, good health тАУ disease etc. ProtectionтАЭ. The authors criticized the current lockdown In this regard, I would like to note the work by policies, which in their opinion: тАЬтАж are producing Kummitha (2020), who compared the Chinese devastating effects on short and long-term public government тАЬtechno-driven approachтАЭ to the Western healthтАЭ. Scientists claim that тАЬThe most compassionate governments тАЬhuman-driven approachтАЭ used to control approach that balances the risks and benefits of reaching the COVID-19 pandemic. The author noted that herd immunity, is to allow those who are at minimal risk Western governments were using technologies to of death to live their lives normally to build up immunity inform, persuade and attain consensus instead of using to the virus through natural infection, while better them to discipline citizens. protecting those who are at highest riskтАЭ (Kulldorff, PirtleтАЩs work (2020) deserves attention, in which racial Gupta, & Bhattacharya, 2020). We can discuss for a long and socioeconomic inequities within the COVID-19 while the human nature of this declaration, norms of pandemic in the United States have been studied. In this social responsibility etc. But the undeniable fact is that regard, it should be noted the action of some officials, the world has appeared to be not ready to new who, realizing the need for urgent action, sign Executive conditions. All countries have suffered: both with a high Order to protect immigrant and refugee communities and low economy. Health systems of many countries during COVID-19 (Executive Order, 2020). In this case, have experienced a serious trial concerning efficiency of we see an example of urgent and adequate measures by their activity, whose performance is indicated by the the US city authorities caused by COVID-19 in relation death rate of the population. to the most vulnerable part of the population. As practice I have not made it a point of this article to research and has shown, immigrants and refugees are a high risk substantiate statistically the data about COVID-19 group, and ethnic minorities тАЬare a thirdтАЭ of patients spread in different countries, but instead have limited infected with COVID-19 (Butcher & Massey, 2020; purposefully the methodology of this publication by the Croxford, 2020). Jon (2020) studied the issues of social complex of theoretical and empirical methods for justice and the different approaches of governments and studying indicators for the dynamics of the COVID-19 city authorities to migrant workers, foreign students, and pandemic in Ukraine, China, and Singapore. others. Public health policy and opportunities for older Nevertheless, it was enough to identify without any people in Italian nursing homes was described in the difficulty the difference in indices of infection, recovery publication by Trabucchi and De Leo (2020). Wenham, and death of the population provoked by COVID-19 in Smith, and Morgan (2020) explored policies and public these countries for 4 months of the year 2020. health efforts, as well as gender characteristics of In order to understand the reasons of such dynamics let vulnerability and mortality from COVID-19. us consider this situation in one of the cities of Ukraine An important factor and an adequate response is the тАУ Kharkiv. On the 31st of October, 2020 the number of creation of target groups under the governments of those who caught the disease in the city of Kharkiv, countries prone to the pandemic, as well as womenтАЩs constituted 36,297 people. The quarantine of the representation in national and global COVID-19 policy maximum level was officially introduced in the city at spaces, such as in the White House Coronavirus Task that time. Medical establishments are working at the Force (Press Trust of India, 2020). pick of their capacities, city hospitals are overloaded I believe that we will still have to get deep with the infected people by COVID-19. reconsideration over the measures that have been taken The situation of COVID-19 spread is even worsened by or must be taken by the governments of different recklessness of the municipal authorities, that not only countries while fighting the pandemic spread, both on are holding general local elections for the authority the territory of a certain country and in the world scope, bodies at this time, but also clean the city streets, squares as well as personal responsibility of the population to and parks using air-sweepers (Figures 8, 9). Figure 8. Ukraine, Kharkiv, the cityтАЩs central square Figure 9. Ukraine, Kharkiv, the cityтАЩs central park (October 31, 2020): a тАУ Cleaning of sidewalks and lawns; (October 31, 2020): a тАУ Cleaning of park alleys by a b тАУ Pedestrians with a child in a stroller. Photo by the communal service worker; b тАУ Pedestrians; ╤Б тАУ Child. author. Photo by the author. 28 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa IJSA At the same time the majority of citizens do not follow 19 spread, in order to make a clear comparison. There the mask regime; visit catering establishments, parks, were built specialized hospitals (Figure 10) in a matter play-grounds; children of a primary school age are of days, special technical equipment, mist cannon trucks allowed to attend classes at school. and street sprinklers (Figure 11) were used for Let us remember the events in the town of Wuhan disinfection of the city streets, the population was (China) at the beginning of 2020 for preventing COVID- informed etc. Figure 10. China, Wuhan, the Huoshenshan Hospital Figure 11. China, Wuhan, operations on public areas (February 2, 2020). Courtesy: XinhuaNews with mist cannon trucks and street sprinklers (February (http://www.xinhuanet.com). 3, 2020). Courtesy: (http://www.xinhuanet.com). Returning to Singapore, I should note that issues of Singapore and spits on the street sidewalks are responsibility of the population for prophylaxis of considered to be ordinary matters, it is difficult to infectious diseases have been regulated for many years imagine how many people could be infected by workers in the country at the legislative level. It is forbidden of the utility services who were blowing leaves, litter there not only to throw litter in the streets but also to spit and dust around the city. and feed birds. The latter prohibition seems to be So different approaches in policies, health system inhumane and even absurd at first glimpse. But it is resources as well as responsibility of the population of stipulated by the fact that while pigeons are being fed, the country in the period of the pandemic, give quite they can pick up dust by their wings at squares (Figure different results. On account of this we cannot state that 12). for example the death rate from COVID-19 constitutes 1-3%. It is the same as to speak about an average temperature of patients in hospital. Thus, for one country the number of those who have died, constitutes 1.85% from the total number of people infected by COVID-19 (Ukraine), but for the other country it makes 0.05% (Singapore), that demonstrates the death rate which is by 37 times higher in Ukraine than in Singapore (see Table 3). These data also indicate the possibility to reduce the number of fatal cases from COVID-19. We should learn our lesson from the current situation, become stronger and wiser. Now people have realised better the importance of the social health and individual health culture as an effective security measure from COVID-19. I researched social health as an integral part of a personality health culture 16 years ago by describing the phenomenon of тАЬHealth cultureтАЭ, having substantiated theoretical, methodological and methodic aspects of the phenomenon тАЬHealth cultureтАЭ (Melnyk, 2004; 2005). At Figure 12. Information notice on prohibiting activities that time some sceptics considered this idea to be in Singapore. Courtesy: https://www.reddit.com artificial as they still restricted their theories by health components: physical, mental, spiritual. It may seem sad In my opinion blowing dust at squares and in the streets but namely the situation with COVID-19 has shown an of the city which is overloaded with infected people is important role of social health, as for an individual not the best idea for cleaning it. Hopefully it is just a person in his connection with the surrounding world and stupid action of utility services. Still I have not been the mankind on the whole. allowed by a moderator to publish my electronic petition For already many years (Melnyk, 2002; 2007; 2010; on the site of the municipal authorities, concerning 2012; 2017; Melnyk & Sviachena, 2000) I have been prohibition of such kind of cleaning squares and play- stuck to the viewpoint that the most efficient means of grounds for over six months. Thus since Ukraine is not preserving and improving health of the population is 29 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2020 formation of health culture by children starting with a The restrictions were even more considerable in a primary school. number of EU countries: from curfew time (Italy, Spain, By forming childrenтАЩs health culture, we form the the Czech Republic, Hungary and others) to a work grounds for a cultural and healthy way of life, including stoppage of the majority of enterprises (Italy, Spain). the ability to resist the threats from infectious diseases. One of the problems of the pandemic policy is that, as a A number of psychic, social, demographic and other rule, it is based not on evidence, but fear for a worse problems which exist in the society, could be eliminated course of events. In such a situation the measures taken by propaedeutic of health culture at a primary school. by the government or municipal authorities can do more The situation provoked by the COVID-19 pandemic has harm than good. given us the possibility to trace our weak points and A culturally healthy person should not suffer in this mistakes in the systems of education, health care and situation not least because he/she is the one who is able other fields, as well as to reconsider the role of the state to act in this situation and change it for the better. The and society at this difficult time. government policy should serve for the peopleтАЩs sake as It may seem to be a paradox, but healthy people and the highest value, but not as ╨░ tool for manipulating those who are beyond the risk groups, have become social opinion through mass media. Let us not forget that prisoners of the situation and thus have been punished the mankind has experienced catastrophes during the for it. They have been forced to social distancing, whole history and has successfully overcome them. isolation, various taboos and obligations, such as wearing masks, restrictions in public transport, Conclusions prohibitions on attending educational institutions, as Infectious diseases do not differentiate people by their well as establishments providing social services and age, gender, race or nation. In the epoch of globalisation defense, catering places, sports and play-grounds etc. it is not relevant any more to flaunt with slogans about Figures 13тАУ14 illustrate measures that were taken by the the national health, today health is becoming government during the quarantine (from partial international. restriction to full prohibition on certain actions), and The infection which appeared in one country can also dynamics of their cancel on the territory of Ukraine transform into a global world problem in a matter of in 2020. seconds. Neither closing borders, nor blocking, nor distancing, nor masking can produce any resistance effect on the virus spread globally. Scientists-enthusiasts are proposing their pacts and declarations to the world community, while governments are developing their state and national programmes that can be applied only locally or in a low- efficient way, taking into account the international level of the problem. The general policy of governments remains uncertain in case of future emergencies such as pandemics or global catastrophes. Hopefully the current pandemic is not a predecessor of Figure 13. Measures of Confronting COVID-19 Spread even more far-reaching future worldly crises, for on Territory of Ukraine (introduced since April 6, 2020). example related to a climate change, food or energy Courtesy: https://en.hromadske.ua problems, migration... That is why it is extremely important to pay attention to national and global policies, development of cooperative international programmes of coordination in emergencies and restoration after them. Responsible policy and practice instead of manipulation and bureaucracy are able to protect people of the risk group and create favourable conditions for life activity of those who do not belong to this group. State governments that do not take into account all factors of the spread of infections and do not take adequate countermeasures endanger the health of their citizens and are responsible for the safety of the world community. The modern civilisation is capable of overcoming this difficult period in its history. The only question left is at what cost it will be done and what conclusion we will make. Acknowledgements Figure 14. Stages of cancelling quarantine restrictions I would like to thank my family. I start by thanking my on territory of Ukraine (MayтАУJune, 2020). Courtesy: awesome wife, Iryna who has been extremely UkraineWorld (https://ukraineworld.org). supportive of me throughout the entire paper writing 30 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa IJSA process, from reading early drafts to giving me advice problems of physical training and sports, 23, 37тАУ on how to design illustrations. 49. [in Ukrainian] My mother, Liubov, deserves special thanks for their Melnyk, Yu. B. (2004). Dialektyka zdorovia [The continued support and encouragement. dialectics of health]. In F. V. Lazarev (Ed.), Thanks to my children for always helping me think World Ethical Forum тАЬOne world тАУ a healthy clearly, remain optimistic in a situation of social personтАЭ (pp. 214тАУ216). Yalta, Crimea. [in isolation, and also inspired confidence in tomorrowтАЩs Ukrainian] joy. Melnyk, Yu. B. (2005, April). Fenomen тАЬkuljtura zdorovтАЩjaтАЭ (metodologhichnyj ta metodychnyj Funding source aspekty) [The phenomenon of тАЬhealth cultureтАЭ This research received no specific grant from any (methodological and methodological aspects)]. funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for- In G. L. Apanasenko (Ed.), World Ethical Forum profit sectors. The research was conducted on the basis тАЬEthics and HumanismтАЭ (pp. 177тАУ179). Alushta, of the Scientific Research Institute KRPOCH. Crimea. [in Ukrainian] Melnyk, Yu. B. (2012). Kontseptualni zasady References formuvannia kultury zdorovia osobystosti Butcher, B., & Massey, J. (2020, April 17). Are ethnic molodshoho shkoliara [Conceptual basis of minorities being hit hardest by coronavirus? The personalityтАЩs younger schoolboy health culture BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com formation]. Kharkiv: KRPOCH. Croxford, R. (2020, April 12). Coronavirus: Ethnic doi:10.26697/9789669726001.2012 [in minorities тАШare a thirdтАЩ of patients. 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(2020). COVID- Lancet, 395(10227), 846тАУ848. 19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak. The doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30526-2 Cite this article as: Melnyk, Yu. B. (2020). International View at Health: World after Pandemic COVID-19. International Journal of Science Annals, 3(2), 24тАУ32. doi:10.26697/ijsa.2020.2.4 The electronic version of this article is complete. It can be found online in the IJSA Archive https://ijsa.culturehealth.org/en/arhiv and in the KRPOCH Publishing Repository https://ekrpoch.culturehealth.org/handle/lib/71 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en). 32