International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2021 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES. Education ORIGINAL RESEARCH Development of Educational Media in Assessing the Growth and Development of Toddlers AuthorsтАЩ Contribution: Handayani G. L.1 ABEFG , Dewi V.1 ABEFG , Elrifda S.1 ABEFG , A тАУ Study design; Rihiantoro T.2 BFG , Rusdi M.3 CD , Haryanto3 CD B тАУ Data collection; C тАУ Statistical analysis; 1 D тАУ Data interpretation; Health Polytechnic, Jambi Ministry of Health, Indonesia 2 E тАУ Manuscript preparation; Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Tanjung Karang, Indonesia 3 F тАУ Literature search; Jambi University, Indonesia G тАУ Funds collection Received: 15.11.2021; Accepted: 19.12.2021; Published: 25.12.2021 Abstract Background and Developmental delays in children are still a serious problem in both developed Aim of Study: and developing countries in the world. About 5-10% of children experience developmental delays. The potential to develop the current media in accordance with technological developments and advances in the use of technology-based platforms. The aim of the study: to develop a growth and development assessment model to increase knowledge and skills in assessing the growth and development of toddlers and to analyze the implementation of the growth assessment guide model based on android applications. Material and Methods: This type of research is design and development research with a mixed methods approach. The steps of development research are carried out using the ADDIE framework (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). In using this framework, designers and developers use analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation as the main stages. Results: The research product is the тАЬGUVI_ToolsтАЭ application which is an interactive multimedia-based learning media. The implementation of the application showed a significant increase in knowledge before and after using the application and the average application usage assessment was 4.8 (good category). Conclusions: It is hoped that this development program can be used as a learning program and can develop learning media on other basic competencies and can be continued at the stage of testing the effectiveness of the learning process. Keywords: assessment, growth and development, analysis, design, toddler Copyright: ┬й 2021 Handayani G. L., Dewi V., Elrifda S., Rihiantoro T., Rusdi M., Haryanto. Published by Archives of International Journal of Science Annals DOI and UDC DOI https://doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.2021.2.2 UDC 373:37.032 Conflict of interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests Peer review: Double-blind review Source of support: This research did not receive any outside funding or support Information about Handayani Gusti Lestari (Corresponding Author) тАУ https://orcid.org/0000-0001- the authors: 5529-8420; ghandayani528@gmail.com; Master of Nursing, Associate Professor, Lecturer, Health Polytechnic, Jambi Ministry of Health, Indonesia. Dewi Vivianti тАУ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3073-7516; Master of Nursing, Associate Professor, Lecturer, Health Polytechnic, Jambi Ministry of Health, Jambi, Indonesia. Elrifda Solha тАУ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1679-2116; Doctor, Associate Professor, Lecturer, Health Polytechnic, Jambi Ministry of Health, Indonesia. Rihiantoro Tori тАУ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-8106; Master of Nursing, Associate Professor, Lecturer, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Tanjung Karang, Jambi, Indonesia. Rusdi Muhammad тАУ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-6023; Professor, Lecturer, Teacher and Education Faculty, Jambi University, Indonesia. Haryanto тАУ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8322-2922; Doctor, Lecturer, Teacher and Education Faculty, Jambi University, Indonesia. 9 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2021 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa Introduction The development of each child is unique and the speed skills, socialization and independence in toddlers takes of achievement of each child is different (McDevitt & place optimally according to the childтАЩs age (Lipkin et Ormrod, 2010). The time range for achieving each al., 2020). developmental stage is generally quite large, for Stimulation, detection and early intervention for toddler example a child is said to be normal if he can walk from growth and development is one of the competencies that the age of 10-18 months, so that developmental must be achieved by nursing students contained in the differences often occur between children of the same age curriculum (White, 2006). The role of educators is not (Roux et al., 2012; Stein et al., 2014). only as a teacher but also as a mentor, developer and A child may experience developmental delays in only manager of learning activities so that students can one developmental domain or more than one achieve learning goals. Educators design learning by developmental domain. General developmental delay or considering the objectives, learning theory, global development delay is a state of significant characteristics of the material being taught, methods and developmental delay in two or more developmental media or teaching resources (WebsterтАРStratton & domains (B├йgin et al., 2020). Broadly speaking, the Herman, 2010). realm of child development consists of gross motor, fine Technology and multimedia that are currently motor, language/speech, and personal developing have a good impact on educators in social/independence (De Ara├║jo et al., 2021; Urlacher, developing learning methods and media. The features of 2021). About 5-10% of children experience the multimedia learning platform form the foundation so developmental delays. Data on the incidence of general that technology-based learning facilities are essential for developmental delays are not known with certainty, but effective learning. Consistent with cognitive theory of it is estimated that around 1-3% of children under the multimedia learning (Johnson & Mayer, 2009). The age of 5 years experience general developmental delays potential to develop the current media in accordance (Arnett et al., 2020; Boyatzis & Junn, 2020; De Onis, with technological developments and advances is the 2017). use of technology-based platforms. Currently, the use of General developmental delays require data/reports or smartphones has been used by most people, as a means complaints from parents and early detection or screening to communicate, media to seek knowledge or something of child development. Developmental delays in children they want to know (Park, 2020; Radgohar et al., 2020). are still a serious problem in both developed and Several studies on the use of technology applications in developing countries in the world (Wang et al., 2019). the assessment of toddler growth and development have Previous research has stated that children in 54 been carried out. Sanitasari et al. (2017) the research developed countries show some symptoms of anti-social design used is applied research, which in this study will behavior disorder which can develop into behavior apply a computer-aided expert system regarding disorders later in life (Haleemunnissa et al., 2021). The monitoring the growth and development of infants/early incidence of delays in child development in the United children. Hernanda and Yustanti (2016) in a study on the States ranges from 12-16%, Argentina 22% (Lejarraga design of an Android-based toddler growth monitoring et al., 2008), and Hong Kong 23% (Wang et al., 2016). application. The advantages of this system, from the This phenomenon also occurs in Canada and New data that used to be in the form of a card, now all data Zealand, where there are 5-7% of children who on growth and development of toddlers and experience social development disorders (Stein et al., immunizations/vaccinations are stored both in the 2014). Meanwhile, developmental disorders in children database. This prevents data loss and is also more in Thailand reached 37.1% (Jeharsae et al., 2013) and in efficient because it can be accessed via a smartphone. India it is around 19.8% (Toldo et al., 2020). This child This android application provides information and development delay occurs mostly in Asia and Africa facilitates the user to monitor the growth and (Grantham-McGregor et al., 2007). development of toddlers. Data on the growth and development of toddlers is The aim of the study. To develop a growth and needed as an effort to find disorders earlyfor immediate development assessment model to increase knowledge action (Hyman et al., 2020). Early detection of and skills in assessing the growth and development of developmental deviations needs to be done to be able to toddlers and to analyze the implementation of the detect early developmental deviations of toddlers, growth assessment guide model based on android including following up on any complaints from parents applications. about their childтАЩs growth and development problems. If deviations are found, early intervention is carried out in Materials and Methods the development of toddlers as a corrective action by This type of study is research and development with a utilizing the plasticity of the childтАЩs brain so that growth mixed methods approach (Doyle et al., 2009; OтАЩCathain and development return to normal or the deviation does et al., 2007). In the conceptual model development not get worse (Boyatzis & Junn, 2020). If toddlers need phase, qualitative aspects will be more dominant, while to be referred, then referrals must also be made as early mixed aspects (qualitative and quantitative) will be used as possible according to indications. Intervention or the in the product development and trial phases. In the pilot right stimulation will stimulate the toddlerтАЩs brain so phase, quantitative aspects are more dominantly used. that the development of movement, speech and language 10 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2021 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa This development research aims to design and build an verbal and body language data types and observing application as a guide for users (students and lecturers) gesture/sign language data types, social interactions, to increase knowledge and skills regarding the actions, atmosphere and physical environment, assessment of growth, development and stimulation of sensations. The data analysis technique is a qualitative child development. The steps of development research analysis technique with the spiral method to obtain carried out using the ADDIE framework (Analysis, narrative information that focuses on aspects of the Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). weaknesses and deficiencies contained in the product. In using this framework, designers and developers use b) Small group test. Researchers conduct pretest and analysis, design, development, implementation and posttest to see indicators of the impact of product use, evaluation as the main stages (Rusdi, 2018). assess differences in studentsтАЩ knowledge and skills in Research Stage using the application. During the process, researchers Phase I Research: Analysis. Data sources: In the early will pay attention to the efficiency of time and resources stages of developing a guide model for assessing growth involved in using the product. Researchers conducted and development of toddlers, data was collected based pretest and posttest to see indicators of the impact of on the results of the initial survey and secondary data product use, assess differences in knowledge and skills derived from literature studies, theoretical studies and of students and lecturers in measuring childrenтАЩs growth survey reports, documents, interviews, while the types and development as well as selecting the right of data were quantitative and qualitative. Participants in stimulation. During the process researchers will pay this stage are lecturers and instructors of pediatric attention to the efficiency of time and resources nursing courses and prospective users, namely students involved in using the product. majoring in nursing who have received material on The participants involved in the small group evaluation growth and development of toddlers. are 10-15 students who are selected randomly. The data Phase II Research: Design. The next step is to design generated are qualitative and quantitative data. the application using the components of an intervention Qualitative data are analyzed for follow-up to improve design with elements of the basic theory of learning, the product quality, while quantitative data obtained from theory of supporting the intervention and the growth and questionnaires and observations will be analyzed development of toddlers. Describe the addition of statistically. explanations for each component that is tailored to the c) Field trial/large group. Participants in the large purpose, namely to increase student knowledge about group/field trial were prospective users with a purposive growth and development of toddlers as well as skills in sampling technique totaling 30 people with inclusion assessing growth and development. Each criteria: students who have or are currently taking stage/component will describe a number of instructions pediatric nursing courses, have smartphones and that lead to the formation/development of devices or understand their use. attributes that support the establishment of an effective The use of the instrument is almost the same as the small and efficient intervention system. Each instruction is group trial. The instrument used is a questionnaire to see designed based on the basic assumptions and basic and the impact which is carried out through pretest and supporting theories from the results of the literature posttest. The pretest is to see the participantsтАЩ initial (theoretical) and empirical analysis in stage one. ability and the posttest is to show the ability after using Phase III Research: Development. The method of the developed product. The observer at this stage is developing a guide model by conducting a theoretical carried out by the researcher. study that is suitable for development research and Quantitative data in the large group trial phase follows pediatric nursing topics for assessment of growth and the following steps: Describing the data using development as well as stimulation and collaborating descriptive statistics and answering the hypothesis using with IT experts for product development. inferential statistics (differential test/t-test). Phase IV Research: Implementation. The implementation process is to validate by experts, namely Results doctors/nurses, research development experts and IT Analysis Stage experts. Validation includes the content of the product, Needs/Problem Analysis. The needs analysis process is suitability for purpose, and ease of use. based on application requirements to improve students' Furthermore, a trial is carried out with the following knowledge and skills in assessing the growth and stages: development of toddlers in a simple way and can be a) One-on-one trials were carried out by involving a done anywhere and anytime. Problems that can be student who was attending a pediatric nursing course as identified: growth and development assessments require well as a tutor. Researchers and users pair up one by one a large number of forms and will be used when and interact to conduct practice evaluations of conducting an age-appropriate assessment of the child. applications that have been validated by experts, Analysis of user characteristics is a student majoring in researchers will interact with users and observe what nursing who is currently or has received material on the users are doing, recording all perceptions and ratings assessment of growth and development of toddlers who given by users. The participants in this one-on-one trial have smartphone facilities. are 3 people. The instruments used were interview Contextual Analysis. Contextual analysis is carried out protocols, data collection techniques by interviewing with field visits to ensure that these problems really exist 11 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2021 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa and identify things in more detail so that predicting toddler, the classification of growth status (nutritional product interactions with the target will be easier to status category): which consists of very underweight, design. The grid of questions made based, there are 6 underweight, normal weight, and overweight. The (six) factors that affect contextual problems, namely: recommended growth assessment results will also be 1) stakeholders тАУ those involved in the implementation displayed so that users can find out the actions taken on are lecturers of pediatric nursing courses; toddlers based on the results of the growth assessment. 2) target group тАУ students majoring in nursing who are The results of the assessment of toddler development currently or have received growth and development will be displayed according to the inputted data, namely assessment materials; development according to the age of the toddler, deviant 3) physical context тАУ the must-have facilities are servers development and dubious development. The for the use of android-based applications and recommended results will also be displayed. A return smartphones for prospective application users visit schedule for growth and development assessment (students); will appear at the end of this assessment menu with the 4) organizational policy context тАУ the nursing aim that users can find out and provide information to department of the Health Polytechnic of the Jambi the toddlerтАЩs family when to return. Ministry of Health has the independence in making Implementation Stage changes, especially for the development of teaching The prototype development stages consist of expert media that aims to improve the quality of learning; validation, one-on-one test, small group test and field 5) educational context тАУ changes made by considering test stage. The evaluation is carried out by IT and child the needs and technological developments; health experts/experts as well as material experts. The 6) eligibility тАУ the developed application has evaluation results in the form of qualitative data or a advantages, namely insert material and procedures in the description of the suggestions given by the experts will application that are used as material for student learning be used to revise the design of the overlay intervention. and there is an assessment following the growth and Evaluation/revision can be done by reviewing the development assessment steps (Rusdi, 2018). design, development and analysis processes. Weaknesses that can be identified are the internet The teaching media application developed will be network which must always be available. Opportunity: validated by practitioners to get input from the Poltekkes, Jambi Ministry of Health has a server that can perspective of experts in this development: material be used and all students and lecturers have smartphones. experts, namely pediatric nurse specialists and 1 Design Stage nutritionist each. There are aspects of material The results of the analysis of problems that have been assessment, educational aspects and communication studied practically and theoretically and have been aspects. deemed worthy of being used as research objectives, the The results of the expert validation of child nursing researchers and the team together design and build materials can be seen in Table 1, nutritionist material products to solve problems. This stage will produce a validation can be seen in Table 2, media expert design or initial prototype of the development product in validation results can be seen in Table 3. the form of a storyboard, namely a storyboard in the Trials: form of a rough sketch where there are sequential a) One-on-one trial. Preparation, preparing all the images in the form of a series of stories consisting of equipment needed: Instruments, learning media, several pages. application manuals and note-taking tools. Submission Development Stage of materials related to the content and use of the product: The development of product prototypes in collaboration The concept of toddler growth and development, the with IT experts resulted in an android-based application need for stimulation of toddler development and called GUVI_Tools, which also explained the simulation of the use of applications/products. application title: Assessment of toddler growth and Implementation of product trials: providing development. The application contains a menu of opportunities for users/participants to use the product, materials, growth and development assessment, history Assessment through observation, Documentation of and assessment recap, about the application. assessment results, Revising the results of observations The material menu is an advantage in this application and assessments by users. which contains material about growth, development and The one-on-one trial was carried out by involving 3 development, this material is useful as a learning (three) students who had been determined by the medium for users, the material is equipped with videos researcher based on the criteria for having received the on how to measure growth to facilitate user material and following the pediatric nursing course. understanding. Researchers and users pair up one on one and interact to The growth assessment menu requires data input by the conduct a practice evaluation of the growth and user containing user biodata, toddler biodata for which development assessment application based on Android, growth and development measurements will be carried researchers interact with users and observe what users out, toddler weight and height data, as well as a are doing, recording all perceptions and assessments developmental assessment format according to the given by users. Researchers provide an explanation of toddlerтАЩs date of birth input. After inputting the data, the the application and its use. Users (students) can use the user will get results in the form of: the current age of the application properly starting from installing, registering 12 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2021 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa and then inputting assessment data. When the trial was b) Small group trial. This small group assessment is a carried out there were discrepancies in the application, transitional assessment between individual assessment namely when assessing toddlers aged 3 months 24 days, and field/large group testing. The purpose of the the display of the developmental assessment form assessment in this group is to ensure that the product can leading to the form for the assessment of 6 months of really be used properly and to see the temporary impact age, this error has been revised and the application can of using the product. Researchers do not interact with be continued for small group trials. users and only as observers. Researchers will respond if there are serious problems. Table 1 Results of Expert Validation of Child Nursing Materials Value scale Statement 1 2 3 4 5 Material Aspect The suitability of the material with the concept of + growth and development Concept truth + Order of presentation of material + The images used are in accordance with the material + Educational Aspect Material suitable for educational purposes + Content clarity + Indicator clarity + The suitability of the image given to clarify the + material Use of each material + Communication Aspect Accuracy of terms + Grammatical accuracy + Ability to increase user motivation + Total score 57 Average 4.8 (Good Category) Table 2 Validation of Nutritionist Materials Value scale Statement 1 2 3 4 5 Material Aspect The suitability of the material with the concept of + growth and development as well as stimulation Concept truth + Order of presentation of material + The images used are in accordance with the + material Educational Aspect Material suitable for educational purposes + Content clarity + Indicator clarity + The suitability of the image given to clarify the + material Use of each material + Communication Aspect Accuracy of terms + Grammatical accuracy + Ability to increase user motivation + Total score 49 Average 4.1 (Good Category) 13 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2021 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa Table 3 Media Expert Validation Results Value scale Statement 1 2 3 4 5 Programming Aspect Serving menu + Instructions for use + Convenience + Completeness + Display Aspect Letter + Use distance + Text legibility + Picture + Layout + Navigation Keys + Color + Serving between pages + Total score 56 Average 4.7 (Good Category) Researchers conducted pretest and posttest to see application only took an average of 15 minutes. All indicators of the impact of product use, assess students stated that they enjoyed using the application. differences in student knowledge and skills in assessing The distribution of knowledge data before and after the growth and development of toddlers. During the process application was normally distributed, a test of normality researchers will pay attention to the efficiency of time was carried out with Shapiro-wilk with p value = 0.432 and resources involved in using the product. and after using the application p value = 0.42, then The results of small group trials were carried out on 15 analyzed using paired t-test. students, the average time used to manually assess the Results of knowledge analysis before and after using growth and development of toddlers before using the applications for assessment of toddler growth and application was 45 minutes and after using the development in small groups can be seen in Table 4. . Table 4 Results of Knowledge Analysis Before and After Using Applications for Assessment of Toddler Growth and Development in Small Groups Knowledge M T DF Sig. (2-tailed) Pre Test 53.3 -14.24 14 0.000 Post Test 78.0 Note. M тАУ the mean (average); T тАУ the t-test statistic; DF тАУ the degrees of freedom; Sig. тАУ the significance level. c) Field trials/large groups. Field or large group testing The distribution of knowledge data before using the is carried out for product improvement in terms of application using the Shapiro-wilk test of normality with structure, function and user behavior. Currently there is a value of p=0.118 and after using the application the no interaction between users and researchers to test value of p=0.084, thus it can be concluded that the whether the product can really be operated properly distribution of data is normally distributed. Next, paired without the presence of researchers. Users are provided t-test analysis was performed. with a product user procedure manual. The test used a Results of knowledge analysis before and after using the one-group pretest-posttest experimental research toddler growth and development assessment application design. can be seen in Table 5, assessment of application use by large groups can be seen in Table 6. Table 5 Results of Knowledge Analysis Before and After Using the Toddler Growth and Development Assessment Application Knowledge M T DF Sig. (2-tailed) Pre Test 56.7 -21.184 29 0.000 Post Test 78.5 Note. M тАУ the mean (average); T тАУ the t-test statistic; DF тАУ the degrees of freedom; Sig. тАУ the significance level. 14 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2021 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa Table 6 Assessment of Application Use by Large Groups Rating Indicator Average Category Media Aspect Use of language in media 4.8 Well Use of images in media 4.6 Well Ease of use of media 5.0 Very good Instructions for use 4.6 Well Material Aspect Material presentation 4.8 Well Accuracy of terms and use of sentences 4.8 Well Ease of understanding 4.8 Well Ease of implementing 5.0 Very good Interesting 5.0 Very good Benefits/usage 5.0 Very good Aspects of Product Use Constraints in using the product 4.8 Well Impact of using the product 5.0 Very good Average 4.8 Very good Evaluation Stage and at stage 2 assessment by media experts it is This summative evaluation focuses on the extent to concluded that it is suitable for use without revision. which product use interventions can be used to achieve The results of the paired sample t-test analysis showed the desired goals. In this study, the summative evaluation that there was a significant difference between was not carried out because the development research knowledge before using the application (M=53.3) and carried out had not yet reached the assessment of knowledge after using the application (M=78.0 and potential impacts. p<0.05). The rating scale uses a Likert scale with a score of 1тАУ5. The conclusion is that there is a significant difference in Based on the results of Table 2, there are 12 indicators of knowledge before and after using the application, while assessment by material experts with a total score of 49 the application assessment is carried out using a research and an average of 4.1 with the conclusion that the subject assessment sheet with an average result of 4.8 application is in the good category. Validation of (good category). nutrition experts is needed related to the assessment of toddler growth. Table 3 shows that the average expert Discussion validation results are 4.7 in the good category. The development of teaching media applications is Comments given by pediatric nursing experts are: carried out by following systematic steps: the process of Growth material can be added with material for infants designing and developing using the ADDIE framework 0-12 months, so that there is a way of measuring body (Rusdi, 2018) namely Analysis, Design, Develop, length for babies. Comments from nutritionists: good app Implementation and Evaluation as the main stages while and increase user motivation. In the application there is the process of designing intervention products uses the still the use of foreign languages, one of which is a table. Dick and Carey (Mohammadi et al., 2015) intervention The material needs to be added about the impact of design model where the guidelines for assessing the childrenтАЩs growth if they are not in line or parallel. growth and development of toddlers are based on Applications accessed via Android may be slightly Android is used to make the educational process and skill enlarged or can be replaced with material made in the improvement easier and more interesting. form of videos. In the growth classification, the source The results of developing a growth and development library is listed. assessment application with recommendations from The follow-up to the expert assessment is to revise and media experts and material experts are suitable for use add videos and a bibliography or source material to the without revision as well as trial results from users with application. Next, a stage 2 expert assessment is carried good category scores and interesting application out and the results of the assessment show that it is comments making this application applicable in learning suitable for use without revision. in pediatric nursing courses. The assessment of media experts is carried out by Several application developments have been carried out computer and programming experts to get input on the with good results and can be applied, in general the feasibility of the applications that have been developed, previous developments are with different methods and the results of the assessment obtained an average of 4.7 are more directed at development in assessment and (good category) and the advice given is to add videos stimulation (Lee et al., 2004). Designing instrument for according to the material to facilitate user understanding. early stimulation, detection and intervention for growth Revision of the application is done by adding a video of and development of children based on android system. In the material on the menu of the material being applied this study, the design includes hardware, software and 15 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2021 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa manuals with evaluation using the focus discussion group great potential in changing the way a person learns, to (FGD) method. The results show that the content, obtain information, to adapt information and so on. accuracy, time and speed of application operation are Multimedia also provides opportunities for educators to good and it is recommended for the government to use develop learning techniques so as to produce maximum this application. results. Like wise for students, it is hoped that with Other app development Design and build a child growth multimedia they will find it easier to determine what and monitoring system application as a growth detection tool how students can absorb information quickly and (Julizal et al., 2019). Desktop-based application research efficiently. Sources of information are no longer focused using the Java programming language in processing child on the text of the book alone but are broader than that. growth or child growth cards as an application for The ability of multimedia technology that has been monitoring problems or deviations in child growth with connected to the internet will further increase the ease of a community education approach. The results of filling obtaining the expected information. out the development sheets for infants and toddlers can A lot of research on the use of multimedia has been done be seen quickly, however, further monitoring and (Johnson & Mayer, 2009). In this study, the transfer guidance is still needed so that Posyandu cadres and performance and retention performance of students who clinical midwives can carry out monitoring activities on received information using multimedia were assessed. child development using application programs The results showed that the multimedia representation independently and continuously. group had better performance. In retention performance, Prototype of application for growth and development of it was found that students who received multimedia in toddlers for posyandu cadres in rural areas (Wijayanto, delivering information remembered more than the group 2012). The purpose of this study was to develop a of students who only received one medium. prototype of an Android-based toddler growth and Multimedia has been widely used by companies to development application that could be easily used by deliver training materials to their employees, as well as posyandu cadres in rural areas. With the existence of a by teachers and lecturers to deliver teaching materials to prototype (prototype) application for growth and students (Mohammadi et al., 2015). It is believed that the development of toddlers based on Android, it is expected use of multimedia in a learning activity (at school or in that the accuracy of the counseling provided by posyandu training activities) can improve learning outcomes cadres can be further increased along with the accuracy (Sanitasari et al., 2017). Presentation software such as of the data recorded by the system. Microsoft Power Point combines various types of media Applications for early detection of growth and into an attractive presentation package, which will attract development of children age zero to six years based on attention and increase the motivation of learners Android (Saurina, 2016). The purpose of this research is (Levasseur & Sawyer, 2006). to make an application for early detection of growth and The results of research on multiple channels, namely the development of children aged zero to six years based on delivery of information through various types of media Android. This application is intended for parents and the indicate that when a channel is complementary to health medical team on duty at the Puskesmas to provide existing information, learning activities will increase, but information about childrenтАЩs growth and development, when information provided through a different channel is find growth irregularities and can provide advice on what excessively repetitive (redundant), then generally early stimulation should be given to children. learning activities will not increase. When information The use of multimedia in the teaching and learning provided through different channels is inconsistent with process is aimed at improving the quality of teaching and previously available information, learning activities will learning, with the development of multimedia actually decrease (Lindsay, 2011). technology, the elements of video, sound, text and Research on multimedia and learning technologies graphics can be packaged into one application. Basically, related to multimedia over the years has shown the purpose of implementing learning using multimedia inconsistent findings regarding the effects of multimedia is to be able to replace and complement the objectives, on learning activities (Al-Qeisi et al., 2014). Some materials, methods and assessment tools that exist in the studies show a positive effect of multimedia, while others teaching and learning process in conventional learning show no effect, and some even show a negative effect. systems. With the application of this multimedia, it is The inconsistency of the results of this research is caused hoped that it will be able to provide changes in the by the many unified factors that influence the role of learning atmosphere, so that it can lead to motivation, multimedia in learning activities (Huang et al., 2013). especially in participating in learning so that it can The debate about the role of multimedia in learning improve student learning outcomes. The use of activities is fierce between Kozma and Clark. multimedia technology helps in efforts to increase Clark (1994) argues that the media has no effect on student motivation, explore and improve subject matter learning activities. According to him, the media is only a in schools. Multimedia technology applications in the тАЬvehicleтАЭ for learning activities, while what affects form of tutorials, simulations, virtualization and make it learning activities is the method used. Clark agrees with easier to get information, transmit and perform routine the opinion that the new media used in learning activities tasks automatically. will affect a learnerтАЩs learning activities, but once the This type of learning has several advantages. The learner is used to the new media, the influence of the development of multimedia technology has promised media no longer exists. 16 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2021 ╤Аrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa Kozma (1994) argues that media can enhance learning https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/books/76/ activities. Media can help create a better тАЬmental modelтАЭ Clark, H. H. (1994). Managing problems in speaking. so as to help a learner understand. For example, a text- Speech Communication, 15(3тАУ4), 243тАУ250. only book requires us to have prior knowledge of what is https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6393(94)90075-2 discussed in the book so that we can create a тАЬmental De Ara├║jo, L. A., Veloso, C. F., de Campos Souza, M., modelтАЭ. Without prior knowledge about the material de Azevedo, J. M. C., & Tarro, G. (2021). The discussed, the тАЬmental modelтАЭ that is made may be potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on inaccurate. When pictures are included in the book, it will child growth and development: A systematic be easier for students to create a completer and more review. Jornal de Pediatria тАУ Journal of precise тАЬmental modelтАЭ. Thus, through media, a learner Pediatrics, 97(4), 369тАУ377. has the ability to explore places, within his virtual world, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.08.008 that he may never see in person. De Onis, M. (2017). Child growth and development. In S. de Pee, D. Taren, & M. 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International Journal of Science Annals, 4(2), 9тАУ19. https://doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.2021.2.2 The electronic version of this article is complete. It can be found online in the IJSA Archive https://ijsa.culturehealth.org/en/arhiv This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en). 19