International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 5, No. 1-2, 2022 рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa LETTERS TO THE EDITOR LETTER TO THE EDITOR The Development of Resilience of Schoolchildren as a Basis for Health Care in the Conditions of Martial Law Kostina V. V.1,2 , Pypenko I. S.2,3 1 H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Ukraine 2 Scientific Research Institute KRPOCH, Ukraine 3 Educational Center KRPOCH, Ukraine Received: 01.11.2022; Accepted: 04.12.2022; Published: 25.12.2022 Keywords: resilience, schoolchildren, health care, martial law Copyright: © 2022 Kostina V. V., Pypenko I. S. Published by Archives of International Journal of Science Annals DOI and UDC DOI https://doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.2022.1-2.5 UDC 37.01:364-7 Conflict of interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests Peer review: Double-blind review Source of support: This research did not receive any outside funding or support Information about Kostina Valentyna Viktorivna (Corresponding Author) – https://orcid.org/0000- the authors: 0003-2410-7497; Vkostina2014@gmail.com; Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Professor of Department of Social Work and Social Pedagogy; H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University; Scientific Research Institute KRPOCH, Ukraine. Pypenko Iryna Sergiivna – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-540X; Doctor of Philosophy in Economics, Associate Professor, Scientific Research Institute KRPOCH; Director, Educational Center KRPOCH, Ukraine. Dear Editor, The problem of preserving and strengthening the health support), human capital (knowledge, leadership) and of schoolchildren became acute this year for all physical community resources are among the specialists in the field of education in connection with components of ensuring community resilience. serious difficulties of an objective nature, which are According to Kireieva (2022, p. 6), a person’s presence associated with work in the conditions of a full-scale in situations of high level of uncertainty and, at the same military invasion from Russia, when on the competence time, low level of awareness and controllability prompts of specialists in the formation of resilience in children them to engage a wide range of adaptive capabilities, and youth depends not only the success of educational among which such personal characteristics as resilience activities in particular, but also the preservation of the (ability to regenerate) and optimism (positive confidence nation's gene pool in general. in expectations) are important, which are resources for Researchers note that for the development of resilience in effective adaptation to difficult/atypical life situations. It an individual, it must experience adversity or threats was established (Kireieva, 2022) that with age, the during its own development, as there must be a past or formation of resilience and optimism in difficult current danger for its formation (Olsson et al., 2003), as conditions requires the involvement of a greater number well as the interaction between risk factors, protective of predictors (reflection of past living experience and factors and vulnerability factors that lead to the overcoming difficult life situations, awareness of new successful acquisition of a certain ability to recover circumstances and one’s state of health and (resilience), or maladjustment (Pakhnenko, 2022). Social transformation of behavior patterns in the difficult capital (social resources, community effectiveness), conditions of the present, presence of positive economic development (opportunities for economic expectations in the future). 45 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 5, No. 1-2, 2022 рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa Formation of a children’s health culture, starting from the under more centralized supervision and there is an first days of their schooling, can play an important opportunity to create systematic mechanisms to check positive role in this. This will help develop their their mental and physical health, as well as to promote resilience in the future (Melnyk, 2002). Characteristics social connections between children, professionals and important for the development of resilience include the other adults in the community by involving beneficiaries following: stable acceptance of reality, deep, supported in collective action on behalf of children. Scientists also by strong values faith in the meaning of life, ability to prove that in relation to the support of children affected improvise (Coutu, 2002); social features (developing by war, there is evidence of the positive impact of friendships, the ability to establish positive relationships emotionally warm relationships between children and the with others, possessing effective communication skills staff of children’s institutions, which provide them with that require the appropriate use of language and finding assistance for the development of resilience and mental help), emotional features (a strong sense of self-efficacy, health and protection against psychotraumatic disorders high self-confidence, high self-esteem and self- in later life. acceptance, emotional control and awareness skills, Frounfelker et al. (2019) also emphasize the need to quick ability to adapt to new situations, ability to resist provide children affected by armed conflicts with basic anxiety and obstacles), cognitive/academic features (high needs, a psychologically favorable environment, achievement motivation, ability to consider and plan for opportunities for education and professional training, and the future and deal rationally with stressful and traumatic other resources that contribute to their positive events, ability to create many more internal attributes, psychosocial development and mental health, and than external attribution) (Karatas & Cakar, 2011). emphasize the importance of family involvement in the Resilience is considered (Hrishyn, 2021) as a quality of child’s healing process. the personality that determines the possibility of resisting As the researchers (Kravtsova & Kravtsov, 2022) note, in stress and successful adaptation afterwards due to the the conditions of war in Ukraine, the issues of preserving development of adaptation to changing life the life of a specific person and the vital activities of the circumstances, stress resistance, psychological well- community come to the fore, which involve the being, success in leading activities, and among the factors preservation of physical and mental integrity, health and of resilience are determined: regulatory (ability to self- social welfare of the victims, as well as communities - in regulate, vitality, self-control, motivation for success, the occupied territories, in the areas of hostilities and in active coping); cognitive (optimistic attributive style, the regions that accommodate displaced people, when the cognitive flexibility, meaningfulness of life, its focus on need to develop a comprehensive approach to achieving a certain goal, developed spiritual maintaining, preserving and restoring the mental health intelligence); emotional (predominance of positive of various strata of the population in the war and post- emotions, good mood, ability to regulate emotions) and war period becomes urgent, when an effective system of socio-behavioral (effective holding in childhood, good medical and social rehabilitation, maximum socialization upbringing, good relationships with adults in childhood, of the affected persons, creation of full-fledged presence of partners and friends, presence of social communications, legal support, restoration and support and the ability to seek support from others). continuous improvement of the safety and comfort of the Sychynska (2022, p. 72) proves that parental support is a environment as a factor of physical and psychological significant external resource that contributes to the safety should be established. The researchers single out positive development of personality in adolescence and, the following health care priorities aimed at ensuring the integrating with the psychophysiological qualities of stability and sustainability of the development of the adolescents, becomes a platform for the formation of territorial community: formation of a public space on the their resilience. territory that is safe and comfortable for living; social Furthermore, researchers (Melnyk et al., 2022) define the adaptation and reintegration of combatants and internally development of physical and social activity as an displaced persons, especially children; psychological important factor in the development of the adaptive assistance to community members and internally capabilities of young people when overcoming complex displaced persons; support, full-fledged development and social challenges today. patriotic upbringing of children and youth. Researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health During the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, (Betancourt & Khan, 2008 ) claim that a number of educational and methodological support for the education protective processes contribute to sustainable mental process useful for the development of student youth health outcomes in children, if viewed through the lens resilience was worked out (Kornienko et al., 2022) – of the child’s social ecology. Restoring the disrupted developed by researchers of the extracurricular education social ecology is fundamental to improving preventive laboratory of the Institute of Educational Problems of the and rehabilitative measures for war-affected children. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, an end-to-end The researchers see the restoration of the opportunity to curriculum with after-school education of the health learn and develop vocational skills as a condition for the direction “Fundamentals of life safety in combat development of hope and tools for future success in life conditions” (ensures the training of schoolchildren in the and emphasize that in situations of displacement for rules of preserving health and life in combat conditions children and youth during wartime, educational programs by familiarizing them with the rules of behavior in the can perform a protective function, since children are then combat zone, teaching how to treat wounds and make 46 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 5, No. 1-2, 2022 рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa bandages and provide first medical aid for burns, Modernization of the Content of Education” a page overheating, frostbite, as well as familiarization with the “Materials for use in work during military operations” simplest tests for detecting signs of life, which can be has been created (information on the best practices of implemented in classes of all areas of extracurricular psychological and pedagogical support and support of education). participants in the educational process in conditions of According to the content of the informational and military operations and armed conflicts, methodological analytical collection “Education in Ukraine under martial recommendations “Psychological First Aid. Algorithm law”, the main current priority of educational institutions of actions”). is to ensure the psychological stability of participants in Pedagogical workers and psychologists of educational the educational process who suffered from Russian institutions are important subjects in the formation of armed aggression (Shkarlet, 2022). According to the children’s and youth’s resilience. research of the Institute of Educational Analytics, with This imposes a great responsibility on these the beginning of the aggression of the Russian Federation professionals, who need to maximize their innovative against Ukraine, the number of appeals to the potential and pedagogical competencies (Melnyk & psychological service of educational institutions Pypenko, 2017) in these extreme conditions. regarding the psychological support of children in war With the support of foreign and domestic social conditions, the provision of psychological assistance, institutions, a number of initiatives are being including emergency, overcoming stress, experiencing implemented in Ukraine for the training of pedagogical loss, grief, sadness and suffering, psychotherapeutic workers and psychologists with the aim of forming work with children who lost their parents, home, health professional competencies to provide psychological and suffered injuries, survived the bombing, became support for children during education and providing refugees, IDPs - 446,368 appeals (Shkarlet, 2022): 54.5% psycho-social support (Shkarlet, 2022): conducting appeals from children, 24.2% appeals from parents or training and supervision of psychologists with the help of legal representatives, 2.5% appeals from other family a short group intervention called “Teaching the recovery members, 17.2% appeals from teaching staff, 1.6% method” based on cognitive-behavioral therapy appeals from groups with limited mobility. Prevention of (Children and War Foundation); training of trainers from suicidal manifestations and inclinations among children institutes of postgraduate pedagogical education is also an important area of activity of the psychological according to the training programs: “Cultivating service – 49,777 appeals: 33.2% appeals from parents, resilience skills for teachers”, “Cultivating resilience 18.8% appeals from pedagogical workers, 31.1% appeals skills for students”, “Basics of psychological counseling from schoolchildren and 16.9% appeals from other regarding common difficulties that arise in the field of interested persons and public organizations. mental health in children” (Center of Health and Self Useful developments in this direction are the use of Development “Family Circle”); on the adaptation and information space to create resilient environments and exchange of educational resources on the basics of applications that create circles of support for subjects of mental health “Cycle of well-being” for teachers, parents the educational process (Shkarlet, 2022): educational and children (National Center for Improvement of chatbot of the Ministry of Education and Culture Scotland); adaptation of four online courses on social- EducationUaBot (section “Psychological support” with emotional learning, work with psychological trauma and provision resources and information for parents); stress for pedagogical workers (PSS/SEL) (Childhood Telegram channel “Support the child” (with placement of Education International); adaptation and implementation psychological advice and materials on psychological of Child/Adolescent Mental Health Support in Education trauma, games, exercises, toys, audio and video materials protocols and the ReachNow tool (ССDT tool) that can for pedagogical workers and parents); professional be used by people without specific mental health development course for pedagogues “First psychological expertise to help them identify and refer children with aid to participants in the educational process during and mental health needs (War Child); regarding the after the end of hostilities” (10 multimedia lessons in the implementation of the “Return to Learning” program for international SCORM format, additional materials and teaching staff, Tree App – an application for mental practical trainings, during which educators learn about health support for children with built-in socio-emotional psychological conditions, learn to provide psychological learning (Save the Children); regarding the holding of first aid using methodological manuals of Save the webinars for pedagogical workers (for educators and Children, and also receive recommendations on the heads of preschool education institutions, specialists of redirection of the International Standing Committee); inclusive resource centers) on psychological support for psychological support project “PORUCH” from the children (NGO “Support the child”). Ukrainian Institute of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and The analysis of the activity of youth organizations during the All-Ukrainian Community Center “Volunteer"; the martial law testified that the All-Ukrainian Youth Telegram channel “Take care of yourself” (a number of Center carried out significant work and prepared materials on psychological support for adults in general Recommendations on the organization of space and and on the occurrence and impact of aggression on the activities of youth institutions during wartime. The human condition during war, recommendations on recommendations provide advice, depending on the stabilization of emotional state and stress management in location of the youth center, on the protection of visitors particular); on the website of the DNU “Institute for the to the center, the protection of the informational space 47 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 5, No. 1-2, 2022 рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa around it, what youth centers should do in the temporarily Kireieva, Z. O. (2022). Predyktory rezylientnosti ta occupied territory and its activity in order to preserve and optymizmu u osib riznoho viku pid chas strengthen the resilience potential of its members, as well prozhyvannia pandemii SARS-COV-2 as provide examples of the activities of those successfully [Predictors of resilience and optimism among operating under martial law youth centers (The All- people of different ages during the SARS-COV-2 Ukrainian Youth Center, 2022). pandemic]. Naukovyi visnyk Khersonskoho Taking into account the results of the analysis of derzhavnoho universytetu. Psykholohichni nauky scientific research and practical experience on the – Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. problem of the development of resilience in children and Psychological Science, 1, 5-10. youth, we selected important factors for the design and https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2022-1-1 development of a resilient educational support space Korniienko, A. V., Machuskyi, V. V., & (creating a socially favorable supportive environment, Verbytskyi, V. V. (2022). Metodychni involving in the process socio-pedagogical specialists, rekomendatsii do naskriznoi navchalnoi volunteers and parents of pupils, creating conditions for prohramy z pozashkilnoi osvity ozdorovchoho children and young people to develop a sense of napriamu “Osnovy bezpeky zhyttiediialnosti v togetherness and confidence in their own strengths, umovakh boiovykh dii” [Methodological opportunities and future prospects, the formation of self- recommendations for the end-to-end training awareness and self-acceptance skills, the ability to resist program for extracurricular health education anxiety and plan their own actions, the use of art therapy “Fundamentals of life safety in the conditions of resources and artistic theatricalization) and its hostilities”]. approbation was carried out during organization of social https://mon.gov.ua/storage/app/media/news/2022 and educational influences with children and student /04/01/Metod.rekom.do.prohramy.pozashk.Osno youth in educational institutions under martial law vy.bezp.zhyttyediyal.v.umovakh.boyovykh.diy.0 (Kostina, 2022). The obtained results proved the 1.04.22.pdf effectiveness of the developed social and educational Kostina, V. V. (2022). Osoblyvosti praktychnoi tools and the possibility of their use in the process of pidhotovky fakhivtsiv sotsialnoi haluzi do professional training of future specialists in the social zdiisnennia sotsialnoho vykhovannia ditei z field to work in conditions of martial law. osoblyvymy osvitnimy potrebamy v umovakh viiskovoho stanu [Peculiarities of the practical References training of specialists in the social sector for the Betancourt, T. S., & Khan, K. T. (2008). The mental implementation of social education of children health of children affected by armed conflict: with special educational needs in the conditions of Protective processes and pathways to resilience. martial law]. In M. P. Vasylieva (Ed.), Suchasni International Review of Psychiatry, 20(3), 317- realii ta perspektyvy sotsialnoho vykhovannia 328. osobystosti v riznykh sotsialnykh instytutsiiakh – https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260802090363 Current Realities and Prospects of Social Coutu, D. L. (2002). How resilience works. Harvard Personality Education in Various Social Business Review, 5. https://hbr.org/2002/05/how- Institutions (pp.109-113). KhNPU imeni resilience-works H. S. Skovorody. Frounfelker, R., Islam, N., Falcone, J., Farrar, J., Ra, C., https://dspace.hnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/91 Antonaccio, C., Enelamah, N., & Betancourt, T. 01 (2019). Living through war: Mental health of Kravtsova, T. V., & Kravtsov, O. V. (2022). Kompleks children and youth in conflict-affected areas. priorytetiv zdoroviazberezhennia terytorialnoi International Review of the Red Cross, 101(911), hromady u postvoiennyi period [A complex of 481-506. priorities for health care of the territorial https://doi.org/10.1017/S181638312000017X community in the post-war period]. In Hrishyn, E. O. (2021). Rezyliientnist osobystosti: sutnist I. O. Dehtiarova (Ed.), Publichne upravlinnia ta fenomenu, psykhodiahnostyka ta zasoby rozvytku administruvannia v umovakh viiny i v [Resistance of personality: The essence of the postvoiennyi period v Ukraini – Public phenomenon, psychodiagnosis and means of Management and Administration in the development]. Visnyk KhNPU imeni Conditions of War and in the Post-War Period in H. S. Skovorody. Psykholohiia – Bulletin of the Ukraine (pp. 149-153). DZVO “UMO” NAPNU. H. S. Skovoroda KhNPU “Psychology”, 64, 62- https://ispp.org.ua/wp- 81. content/uploads/2022/06/tezy0422-t1.pdf https://doi.org/10.34142/23129387.2021.64.04 Melnyk, Yu. B. (2002). Formuvannia kultury zdorovia Karatas, Z., & Cakar, F. S. (2011). Self-esteem and uchniv pochatkovoi shkoly [Formation of the hopelessness, and resiliency: An exploratory health culture of primary school pupils]. study of adolescents in Turkey. International Pedahohika, psykholohiia ta medyko-biolohichni Education Studies, 4(4), 84-91. problemy fizychnoho vykhovannia i sportu – https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v4n4p84 Pedagogics, Psychology, Medical-Biological Problems of Physical Training and Sports, 23, 37- 48 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 5, No. 1-2, 2022 рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa 49. diialnist [Education of Ukraine under martial https://www.sportpedagogy.org.ua/html/Pedagog law. Innovative and project activity]. Bukrek. y/Pdf2002/PD-2002-23.pdf#page=38 https://mon.gov.ua/storage/app/media/zagalna%2 Melnyk, Yu., & Pypenko, I. (2017). Innovative potential 0serednya/serpneva- of modern specialist: The essence and content. In konferencia/2022/Mizhn.serpn.ped.nauk- Yu. B. Melnyk (Ed.), Psychological and prakt.konferentsiya/Nauk-metod.zbirnyk- Pedagogical Problems of Modern Specialist Osv.Ukrayiny.v.umovakh.voyennoho.stanu- Formation (pp. 9-16). ANAGRAM, KRPOCH. %20Innovatsiyna.ta.proyektna.diyalnist.pdf https://doi.org/10.26697/9789669726094.2017.9 Sychynska, M. (2022). Teoretychni aspekty vplyvu Melnyk, Yu. B., Stadnik, A. V., Pypenko, I. S., batkivsko-dytiachykh vzaiemyn na formuvannia Kostina, V. V., & Yevtushenko, D. O. (2022). rezylientnosti pidlitka [Theoretical aspects of the Impact of COVID-19 on the social and parent-child relationship influence on the psychological state of athletes. The Journal of adolescent resilience formation]. Naukovyi Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 62(2), 297- chasopys NPU imeni M. P. Drahomanova. 299. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022- Psykholohichni nauky – Scientific Journal of 4707.21.12401-6 National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Olsson, C. A., Bond, L., Burns, J. M., Vella- Psychological Sciences, 18(63), 64-75. Brodrick, D. A., & Sawyer, S. M. (2003). https://doi.org/10.31392/NPU- Adolescent resilience: A concept analysis. nc.series12.2021.18(63).07 Journal of Adolescence, 26(1), 1-11. The All-Ukrainian Youth Center. (2022). Molodizhnyi https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1971(02)00118-5 tsentr pid chas viiny: rekomendatsii po Pakhnenko, O. (2022). Sutnist ta skladovi rezylientnosti orhanizatsii prostoru ta diialnosti molodizhnoho hromad v konteksti COVID-19 [The essence and tsentru u voiennyi chas [Youth center during the components of community resilience in the war: Recommendations for the organization of context of COVID-19]. Ekonomika ta suspilstvo – the space and activities of the youth center during Economy and Society, 39. the war]. https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0072/2022-39-51 https://mms.gov.ua/storage/app/sites/16/Molodiz Shkarlet, S. M. (Ed.). (2022). Osvita Ukrainy v umovakh hna_polityka/Molodijna%20polituka/molodizhny voiennoho stanu. Innovatsiina ta proiektna y-tsentr-pid-chas-viyny-rekomendatsii.pdf Cite this article as: Kostina, V. V., & Pypenko, I. S. (2022). The development of resilience of schoolchildren as a basis for health care in the conditions of martial law. International Journal of Science Annals, 5(1-2), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.2022.1- 2.5 The electronic version of this article is complete. It can be found online in the IJSA Archive https://ijsa.culturehealth.org/en/arhiv This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en). 49