International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2023 рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa LETTERS TO THE EDITOR LETTER TO THE EDITOR Human and Artificial Intelligence Interaction Pypenko I. S. 1,2 ACDE 1 Kharkiv Regional Public Organization “Culture of Health”, Ukraine 2 Scientific Research Institute KRPOCH, Ukraine Received: 12.11.2023; Accepted: 20.12.2023; Published: 25.12.2023 Abstract Background and The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has changed our world forever. No matter Aim of Study: what it is that we do, there will always be a place for AI in what we do. Controlling and managing this system of interactions is still within our power. However, the potential and the speed of developing AI-based information technology is so great that we may soon need to concede this primacy. The aim of the study: to justify whether artificial intelligence will become our assistant or, on the contrary, create problems; to identify what needs to be done to build a harmonious Human-AI System of interactions and relationships. Conclusions: It requires the development, ratification and implementation of laws that regulate the norms of interactions and relationships between humans and AI. The first steps have already been taken to legitimise AI-based Chatbots in scientific research and publications. This paper offers an attribution for a product created by humans without the involvement of AI – “AI Free. Human Created”. The use of this attribution helps to protect the individual’s right to freedom of choice and work. Keywords: Human-AI System, interaction, relationship, artificial intelligence, ChatBot, attribution, “AI Free. Human Created” Copyright: © 2023 Pypenko I. S. Published by Archives of International Journal of Science Annals DOI and UDC DOI https://doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.2023.2.7 UDC 316.77 Conflict of interests: The author declares that there is no conflict of interests Peer review: Double-blind review Source of support: This research did not receive any outside funding or support Information about Pypenko Iryna Sergiivna – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-540X; the author: iryna.pipenko@gmail.com; Doctor of Philosophy in Economics, Affiliated Associate Professor; Secretary of the Board, Kharkiv Regional Public Organization “Culture of Health”; Co-Director, Scientific Research Institute KRPOCH, Kharkiv, Ukraine. Dear Editor, Our entire civilisation, the achievements of science and relationships has emerged. The authors (Melnyk & culture, have been created by human intelligence. Pypenko, 2023) have offered the essence of the definition However, we now have artificial intelligence (AI) that “Human-AI System”. This allows us to clarify the could be its alternative. This situation has actualised essential features of the new phenomenon under some of the most important questions about the consideration, which opens prospects for its further relationship between human intelligence and artificial study. intelligence. Firstly, will AI help us or, on the contrary, First of all, we should accept as axiomatic the idea that create problems? Secondly, what do we need to do to our world has been changed forever with the advent of create a harmonious system of interacting and relating? AI. Whatever we do, there will always be a place for AI Human civilisation has entered a new spiral of in what we do. And the role of AI in our lives will development in the age of information technology where, continue to grow. It is still within our power to control with the advent of AI, a new “Human-AI System” of and manage this system of interactions. However, the 54 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2023 рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa potential and the speed of development of AI-based consciousness, is not capable of harming humanity. information technologies are so great that we may have However, the real dangers, which are becoming to concede this primacy in the near future. increasingly apparent, should not be ignored. It has been less than a year (30 November 2022) since the In a metaphorical sense, AI can be compared to the fuel launch of ChatGPT. ChatGPT is an AI-based or electricity needed to run a machine. The advent of a conversational Large Language Model (LLM). The new fuel (petrol) made it possible for the internal potential applications of LLMs in research and practice combustion engine to function. Automobiles appeared, look promising, given their ability to generate creative aeroplanes... Even today, many people still measure the responses. power of a car’s engine in horsepower. Nowadays, hardly In the first 3 months of its existence, ChatGPT has anyone has to do their travel planning with horses in become an indispensable tool for 100 million people mind. But this does not mean that horses have become worldwide. A large number of people of different ages useless and can be disparaged as unnecessary or and social statuses, from schoolchildren to university inefficient. professors, have found ChatGPT to be an indispensable It is still directly human beings who decide how to use tool for dealing with issues in their personal and and interact with new scientific advances. A human can professional lives. refuel the drone and send it on a research mission to This popularity makes ChatGPT an obvious positive another planet, or send it to destroy the inhabitants of a answer to the question of whether AI has become our neighbouring country. A clear example is the russian assistant. We are sure that there will be millions of federation’s military action in Ukraine. In this case, schoolchildren and students who actively use ChatGPT drones with integrated warheads are actively deployed in for their studies and for solving tasks assigned to them in large numbers, capable of making a long flight over the educational institutions. At the same time, it is very likely battlefield, independently detecting a target, classifying that millions of teachers and university professors are its level of importance among others, and making a also using AI to prepare assignments for these students. decision to destroy it. This creates a paradoxical situation in which the AI Despite the negative trends and realities we live in today, becomes both the object and the subject of action (writing there is still hope that humanity is able to understand the and solving its own tasks). responsibility of using AI and can channel it to advance The other question is whether this is a problem or not. As our civilisation, science and culture. in the first case, we believe that the answer to this Therefore, the issue of creating a harmonious relationship question will be in the affirmative. Undoubtedly, between humans and AI is very important. These replacing one’s own opinion and efforts in solving tasks relationships can be both personal and professional. In with an AI answer will have a negative impact on this case, personal relationships, such as the role and the students’ personal cognitive sphere (intelligence) and level, are determined by each person for him or herself; competence level. professional relationships can be regulated from the To be fair, we should point out that this is a problem for outside and have serious consequences for the human. the faculty as well. Over the past year, there has been a We share the views of researchers who claim that the use significant increase in the number of research studies, of AI will be the reason for the reduction of large and therefore articles, using AI-based tools. Previous numbers of workers in various fields in the coming years. studies have addressed the legitimacy of using AI in It can cause various social conflicts. scientific research and publications (Melnyk & Pypenko, It is therefore crucial to regulate these relationships in a 2023), and the dilemma of quality versus quantity of legal and regulatory context. scientific publications, which will become particularly We think this is difficult to achieve, but it is certainly relevant with the advent of AI (Melnyk & Pypenko, possible. The challenge is that AI is becoming 2021). Discussions about the tendency to replace humans increasingly pervasive in people’s daily lives and with AI, and the potential threats associated with this, workspace. Therefore, something more sophisticated have been ongoing since the term was introduced by than Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics must be McCarthy (1959) in the middle of the last century. These developed to manage this complex system of human-AI issues certainly deserve attention. In most cases, they relationships (Asimov, 1942). remained theoretical views of the problem. However, the We believe that in the near future, countries with high situation has changed dramatically over the past year. levels of economic growth will develop, ratify and That is why we are focusing on the above axiom about implement laws that regulate the norms of interaction and the irreversible penetration of AI into our life activities relationships between humans and AI. and the subsequent increase in its influence on all Today, thanks to the activities of COPE (2023) and major spheres. As a consequence of this trend, the need to build scientific publishers (WAME, JAMA), standards and a real system of harmonious interaction and relationship rules have been developed for the use of AI-based between humans and AI becomes obvious. Chatbots in scientific publications. This problem is likely to be a key issue for this century, The first steps towards legitimising AI-based Chatbots as the survival of humanity literally depends on it. were taken by Melnyk and Pypenko (2022). These We are not inclined to dramatise the situation about the scientists have created and implemented the AIC AI increasing danger to humanity from the development of Chatbots information technology platform (AIC AI AI. We believe that AI, in the absence of individual Chatbots, 2023), which provides technological solutions 55 International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2023 рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa for the use of AI-based Chatbots (text, images, videos) in This situation requires the development, ratification and scientific research and publications. However, the above implementation of laws that regulate the norms of standards are voluntary and could be used as a interaction and relationships between humans and AI. recommended guide. This allows unscrupulous users of The first steps have already been taken to legitimise AI- AI-based Chatbots to ignore these ethical guidelines. based Chatbots in scientific research and publications. This is why it is necessary to enact laws that regulate the This paper offers an attribution for products created by standards of human-AI interaction. humans without the involvement of AI. The use of the In developing laws and regulations governing standards “AI Free. Human Created” attribution helps to protect the for human-AI interaction, particular attention should be individual’s right to freedom of choice and work. paid to the protection of human rights in the case of deliberate refusal to use AI. Ethical Approval We believe that human activity without the use of AI will The study protocol was consistent with the ethical soon have to defend its right to exist. It is a natural human guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki as right to freedom of choice and work. Using a special reflected in a prior approval by the Institution’s Human attribution (logo/stamp/label) on a product created by Research Committee. humans without AI involvement can help. We offer such an attribution “AI Free. Human Created” Funding Source (Figure 1). This research did not receive any outside funding or support. Figure 1 The Attribution “AI Free. Human Created” References AIC AI Chatbots. (2023). AIC AI Chatbots attribution. https://doi.org/10.26697/ai.chatbots Asimov, I. (1942). Runaround. Astounding Science Fiction. https://web.williams.edu/Mathematics/sjmiller/p ublic_html/105Sp10/handouts/Runaround.html COPE. (2023, January 30). Artificial intelligence in the news. https://publicationethics.org/news/artificialintelli gence-news McCarthy, J. (1959). Programs with common sense. In Proceedings of the Teddington Conference on the Mechanization of Thought Processes, 756-791. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. https://www- formal.stanford.edu/jmc/mcc59.pdf The attribution developed enables the classification of Melnyk, Yu. B., & Pypenko, I. S. (2021). Dilemma: products created by humans without the use of AI, as well Quality or quantity in scientific periodical as increasing the value of natural human labour. publishing. International Journal of Science Annals, 4(2), 5-7. Conclusions https://doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.2021.2.1 AI has become an integral part of the lives of human Melnyk, Yu. B., & Pypenko, I. S. (2023). The legitimacy beings. of artificial intelligence and the role of ChatBots The potential and the speed of development of AI-based in scientific publications. International Journal of information technologies is so great that in the near future Science Annals, 6(1), 5–10. humanity may concede primacy to AI. https://doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.2023.1.1 Cite this article as: Pypenko, I. S. (2023). Human and artificial intelligence interaction. International Journal of Science Annals, 6(2), 54– 56. https://doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.2023.2.7 The electronic version of this article is complete. It can be found online in the IJSA Archive https://ijsa.culturehealth.org/en/arhiv This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en). 56