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International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2024
рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa

faculty and students), but also to add value to the text in and large language models in higher education
the form of information or an idea that should be and research. Research in Social and
developed from one’s own world view to create Administrative Pharmacy, 19(8), 1236–1242.
something new and original. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.05.016
Higher education stakeholders should be made aware that Bartolic, S. K., Boud, D., Agapito, J., Verpoorten, D.,
AI chatbots are just a tool that needs to be used properly, Williams, S., Lutze-Mann, L., Matzat, U.,
taking into account their capabilities and limitations. It is Moreno, M. M., Polly, P., Tai, J., Marsh, H. L.,
especially important to send a message to higher Lin, L., Burgess, J.-L., Habtu, S., Rodrigo, M. M.
education stakeholders that when they use AI chatbots in M., Roth, M., Heap, T., & Guppy, N. (2022). A
their work, they are responsible for the outcomes and multi-institutional assessment of changes in
consequences of their use. higher education teaching and learning in the face
of COVID-19. Educational Review, 74(3), 517–
Acknowledgments 533. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2021.1955830
The authors would like to thank all the participants who Bearman, M., Ryan, J., & Ajjawi, R. (2023). Discourses
completed the questionnaire and all those who helped us of artificial intelligence in higher education: A
to distribute and collect the questionnaires needed for critical literature review. Higher Education,
data collection. 86(2), 369–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-
022-00937-2
Ethical Approval Becker, S. A., Brown, M., Dahlstrom, E., Davis, A., De
The study protocol was consistent with the ethical Paul, K., V., & Pomerantz, J. (2018). NMC
guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki as Horizon Report: 2018 Higher Education Edition.
reflected in a prior approval by the Institution’s Human EDUCAUSE.
Research Committee. Permission for research received in https://library.educause.edu/~/media/files/library/
the Research Committee of virtue and ethics Scientific 2018/8/2018horizonreport.pdf
Research Institute KRPOCH (protocol No. 023- Bonnefon, J. F., Rahwan, I., & Shariff, A. (2024). The
2/SRIKRPOCH dated 10.08.2023). Informed consent moral psychology of Artificial Intelligence.
was obtained from all the participants. Annual Review of Psychology, 75, 653–675.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-030123-113559
Funding Source Civaner, M. M., Uncu, Y., Bulut, F., Chalil, E. G., &
This research did not receive any outside funding or Tatli, A. (2022). Artificial intelligence in medical
support. education: a cross-sectional needs assessment.
BMC Medical Education, 22, Article 772.
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