Page 37 - IJSA, Vol. 6, No 2, 2023

International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2023
рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa

show a statistically significant relationship with social anxiety (r=0.146, p=0.153), nor caregiver’s age
caregiver’s age (r=0.050, p=0.626). The dimension of (r=0.092, p=0.371).
agreeableness has a significant negative relationship Prediction of Personality Dimensions
with hours of daily care (r=-0.209, p=0.040). It does not The variables that previously correlated significantly
have a statistically significant relationship with social with the personality dimensions were considered in the
phobia (r=-0.082, p=0.426), social anxiety (r=-0.057, regression models. Table 1 represents the prediction
p=0.578), nor caregiver’s age (r=0.101, p=0.323). The effect using the simple linear regression model, and
dimension of neuroticism does not have a statistically Table 2 shows the prediction effect using the multiple
significant relationship with hours of daily care linear regression model.
(r=-0.100, p=0.328), social phobia (r=0.124, p=0.228),

Table 1
Prediction of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness

Regression models B SE P
Conscientiousness
Model 1 (R =25.7%)
2
Hours of daily care -0.145 0.056 0.011*
Agreeableness
2
Model 2 (R =20.9%)
Hours of daily care -0.137 0.066 0.040*
Note. B – unstandardized Beta Coefficients; SE – standard error (unstandardized Coefficients); P – p-value (*0.05).

Table 2
Prediction Effects of Openness and Extraversion

Regression Models B SE P
Openness
2
Model 1 (R =38.4%)
Hours of daily care -0.201 0.077 0.011*
Social phobia -0.199 0.081 0.016*
Social anxiety 0.132 0.098 0.182
Extraversion
Model 2 (R =41.4%)
2
Hours of daily care -0.175 0.056 0.003*
Social phobia -0.136 0.059 0.024*
Social anxiety 0.078 0.072 0.277
Note. B – unstandardized Beta Coefficients; SE – standard error (unstandardized Coefficients); P – p-value (*0.05).

Discussion et al., 2014). However, individuals with higher levels of
The aim of the study was to investigate whether extraversion may demonstrate greater difficulties with
characteristics such as social phobia, social anxiety, or attention and concentration on the tasks they must
hours of daily care could serve as predictors of perform (Cloninger, 2013), which could have a negative
personality dimensions in informal caregivers of influence on caregiving. Nevertheless, the negative
individuals with dementia. Our results revealed that only effects caused by the presence of social phobia may vary
social phobia and hours of daily care were significant depending on whether it is non-generalized social phobia,
variables in predicting Openness and Extraversion. where the impact of this condition is less severe, or
Additionally, hours of daily care were also found to be generalized social phobia with comorbidity with avoidant
predictors of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness personality disorder, where problems are more
among caregivers. Specifically, our findings revealed pronounced and affect social interactions and the
that the presence of social phobia negatively affects negative interpretation of received stimuli (Kessler,
caregivers’ openness to experience and extraversion. In 2003). Our results also demonstrate that the number of
fact, the presence of phobic characteristics, such as hours spent in daily caregiving for individuals with
negative thoughts, negative self-images, or fear of dementia negatively affects caregivers’ personality traits,
failure, hinders individuals from understanding or namely their conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness
accepting positive stimuli from others and circumstances to experience, and extraversion. According to the study
(Calderón & Blázquez, 2014). Social phobia prevents by Tew et al. (2013), a longer duration of caregiving and
them from arousing curiosity, a desire to enjoy new a greater number of hours dedicated to caregiving harm
experiences and sensations, which are characteristic of caregivers’ physical and mental health, social
openness to experience, or from exhibiting greater relationships, and environmental quality of life. A higher
sociability, assertiveness, or a spirit of adventure, which number of caregiving hours restricts individuals from
characterize extraversion (Feixas, 2019; Pedroso de Lima engaging in new activities and having time to express
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