Page 37 - IJSA, Vol. 2, No 1-2, 2019

International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 2, No. 1-2, 2019

Types of scales

Perceived Brief Family Relationship Three-Dimensional

Stress Scale Scale Strength of Group
Identification Scale

Workplace stress Family functioning Social identification

Figure 1. Types of scales for measuring of workplace stress, family functioning, and social identification of participants.

Table 1. The questionnaire for measuring of workplace stress (by Cohen and Kamarck).
Questions Coefficient alpha
How often were you being upset because of something that happened unexpectedly? 0.754
How often did you have a feeling that were unable to control the important things in life? 0.779
How often did you feel nervous and stressed? 0.786
How often did you find that could not cope with all the things that had to do? 0.780
How often were you angered because of things that happened that were outside of control? 0.795
How often did you feel difficulties were piling up so high that could not overcome them? 0.790
How often did you feel confident about your ability to handle personal problems? 0.789
How often did you have a feeling that things were going way? 0.787
How often were you able to control irritations in life? 0.824
How often did you feel that were on top of things? 0.783

Workplace stress was calculated by reversing the scores Table 3 shows the Cronbach alpha coefficients for three
of the questions firstly, and then adding the scores for scales.
each item. Higher score indicated high level of Analyses of data
perceived workplace stress. The reliability score for PSS The hypotheses interaction between workplace stress
in this study was α=0.805. and family functioning, social identification as a
Family functioning moderator for the association workplace stress with
Participants family functioning rate were measured by family functioning was analyzed by using Multiple
the Brief Family Relationship scale (BFFS) that was linear regression analysis. The predictor variable was
developed by Fok, Allen, Henry, and Team (2014). To workplace stress and a moderator variable was social
measure participant’s perception of the quality of their identification. These variables were manipulated with
family identification, they were asked to complete the participants in the same groups. The dependent variable
questions (see Table 2) by rating with 4-point rating was a family functioning.
scales: 0 – strongly agree, 1 – agree, 2 – disagree, 3 – Procedure
strongly disagree. Ethical approval of this study was gained from the
Lower score indicated the higher family functioning. In Ethics Committee at the University of Exeter. They were
the present study a Cronbach alpha for BFFS was 0.905. informed about conducting research with university
Social identification teachers about their work and family life. Before the
The Three-Dimensional Strength of Group completing data, participants were asked to read an
Identification scale is an instrument developed by information sheet with a consent form. They were
Cameron (2004) that measured participant’s social informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any
identification level with their family. The scale consists time. Furthermore, they receive instructions about their
of 12 items assessed participants 3 aspects of social tasks during the study that would complete three types
identification: ingroup ties, cognitive centrality and of questionnaires, which the time length for answering
ingroup affect. Responses are rated on 7 points rating the questions of studies takes overall thirty minutes. In
scales from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). addition, they were informed via a consent form that
The negative direct half of the items on the scale were there might be a few risk associated with the
required to reverse scoring before analysis. Higher questionnaires for example, possible discomfort when
scores indicated participant’s high social identification answering some of the personal questions, and asked to
with their family. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for sign the consent form whether they agreed to participate
12-item on the Three-Dimensional Strength of Group the study.
identification scale in the current study was 0.796.

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