Page 49 - IJSA, Vol. 3, No 1, 2020

рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa IJSA

Introduction
Determination of sensorimotor function is an important competitive activities and in the process of individual
area of psychophysiological features study of the training of athletes at different stages of preparation,
athletes body (Berdychevskaia, Troiskaia, & Fokin, which necessitated our study.
2009; Craig, 2005), which are essential for the analysis Let us remind that the general structural scheme of the
of cognitive processes (Oppenheimer, Gelb, Girvin, & organization of sensorimotor processes is a reflex ring
Hachinski, 1992), assessment of the central nervous (Nicolas, Vacher, Martinent, & Mourot, 2019; Pankova
system (CNS) functional state, sensory sensitivity & Karganov, 2013). Sensory information coming from
(Guzii, Romanchuk, & Мahlovanyy, 2020; Noskin et analyzers initiates regulates and controls movements.
al., 2005), development of motor skills, Coordination of sensory and motor components of the
psychophysiological and neurophysiological parameters motor act is the most important condition for the
of brain functioning (Boloban, 2006; Kuznetsova, functioning of sensory systems (Herpin et al., 2010;
Sychov, & Еgоrоvа, 2017). Skyba, Pshenychna, & Ustymenko-Kosorich, 2017;
A large number of scientific publications are devoted to Thayer, Yamamoto, & Brosschot, 2010). Sensorimotor
the study of simple and complex sensorimotor reactions reactions are first of all characterized by such
of athletes, which are aimed at determining the psychophysiological concept as “reaction time” (the
characteristics of the organization of sensorimotor term is habitually understood as the time interval
function taking into account the type of sport, gender, between the appearance of a signal and the reaction of a
training experience, stages of the training process, etc. response).
(Fokin, Boravova, Galkin, Ponomarev, & Shimko, This is a complex formation, which is determined by the
2009; Mittly, Németh, Berényi, & Mintál, 2016; Shlyk, sum total of the following elements (Bezrukikh et al.,
2009). However, there is little research into the central 2000):
mechanisms of athletes’ sensorimotor function due to - the rate of excitation of the receptor and the
the complexity of using existing methods in the training transmission of the impulse to the appropriate center of
process (Sorokina, Selitsky, Ilina, & Zherdeva, 2018). sensitivity;
First of all, this relates to the methods of studying the - the speed of signal processing in the CNS;
activity of the cerebral cortex. Let us point out that - the speed of deciding to respond to a signal;
among the latter ones is electroencephalography, the - the speed of signal transmission before the start of
method of evoked potentials, positron emission action on the efferent fibers;
tomography (Craig, 2005). The method of studying the - the rate at which the excitation of the muscle develops
level of constant potential (LCP) has become and the inertia of the body or its individual part is
widespread (Сhikurov, Fedorov, Voinich, & Khudik, overcome.
2016; Romanchuk, 2003). The reproduction of all these methods in the practice of
An important component of the study of sensorimotor rapid diagnostics of the basic properties of the nervous
responses is the understanding of the processes that system of the person is either completely excluded or
occur at the central level of movement organization, extremely time consuming, so for many years there have
which is related to the mechanisms of intra- and inter- been searches for fairly simple, but objective tests to
hemispheric interaction. The latter are analyzed taking determine the basic properties of the CNS: the strength
into account the activity of both hemispheres and and functional mobility of the nervous processes,
determine the level of functional motor asymmetry balance of excitation-braking activities (Pankova,
(Brahina & Dobrohotova, 1988; Pestryaev & Sаfina, 2003).
2014). Among the components of the “reaction time”, the
It is well known that a modern approach to assessing the parameter characterizing the central level of
interrelation between functional asymmetries and the organization of movements is the speed of processing
success of sports activities is linked to an understanding information in the CNS with the decision to respond to
of the dynamic nature of functional interhemispheric a signal.
interaction. Functional asymmetry is believed to play a That is why our attention was drawn to the method of
regulatory role (Bellenger et al., 2016; Craig, 2005; estimating the sensorimotor function using the
Guzii, 2019). It provides coordinate presetting of “Computer Motion Meter” (CMM-03), which is
unilateral motor actions. The latter suggests that motor distinguished by the indicator of switching central
asymmetry is a prerequisite for enhancing the settings (SCS), which characterizes the central level of
organism’s capacity under spatio-temporal conditions of regulation of movements, namely the time of decision
existence (Grabinenko & Zhurba, 2017). Under these about changing the characteristics of motion (Guzii et
conditions, the distribution of functions between the al., 2020; Korobeynikov & Korobeynikova, 2014).
hemispheres of the brain, not being absolute, forms a The aim of the study. To determine changes in the
moving, flexible profile of the hemispheric asymmetry indicators of the central regulation of the sensorimotor
of the brain, the range of adaptive functions of the function of highly skilled athletes in formation of the
hemispheric interactions and the dynamics of the main cardiovascular system overstrain.
nervous, humoral and immune processes, on which the
effectiveness of adaptation to sports activity depends. In Materials and Methods
this aspect, according to most authors (Crollen, Albouy, The algorithm of our study involved the study of
Lepore, & Collignon, 2017), the most promising is the parameters and indicators that define the changes of the
study of the dynamics of functional asymmetries in sensorimotor and cardiorespiratory systems under the
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