Page 27 - IJSA, Vol. 6, No 1, 2023

International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2023
рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa

The results show that the cadets of Group 1 (located on respectively). It should be noted that among students of
the territory of Ukraine outside active hostilities) have a Group 3 who are in the territory of active hostilities
somatization score of 6.0 points, which is slightly lower (Kharkiv region), the index of somatization (12.3 points)
than the level of anxiety (6.9 points). At the same time, and anxiety (12.8 points) among female students is
these indicators do not differ significantly between men significantly higher than among males (9.2 and 9.1
and women of Group 1 on the scales of somatization (6.0 points, respectively). In personal communication, the
and 6.1 points) and anxiety (6.8 and 7.1 points), most common somatic symptoms were: headache,
respectively. In our opinion, this is explained by the dizziness, shortness of breath, palpitations, shortness of
normalizing influence of a mixed military team, breath, etc.
purposeful activity, and fewer vital psychogenes. The results for social dysfunction and severe depression
The highest levels of somatic symptoms and anxiety are are shown in Figure 2.
found among students in Group 3 (10.6 and 10.8 points,

Figure 2
Levels of the GHQ-28 Social Dysfunction and Severe Depression in Cadets and Students of Ukrainian Universities in
Wartime Conditions

In Group 3 (the area of active hostilities in Kharkiv come to the fore. Therefore, we conducted a study using
region), indicators of social dysfunction (mean score - the Social Support Questionnaire, F-SozU K-22, to
11.2) and severe depression (mean score - 10.1) are determine the level of social disadaptation among
significantly higher than in Group 2 (8.6 and 8.1 points, student youth in wartime conditions.
respectively) and Group 1 (6.5 points for each). This Table 2 and Figure 3 show the results of the
indicates an extremely high level of psychogenic manifestation levels for social adaptation and support
distress in this group. The gender feature of the study is disorders (the Social Support Questionnaire, F-SozU K-
that social dysfunction is more pronounced among men 22, was used).
in all groups. In addition, it is highest for men in Group We found that the total value of perceived social support
3, at 12.9 points, which is almost 2 times higher than in is the highest among cadets of Group 1 who live outside
Group 1 (6.5 points). Depression is more pronounced Kharkiv region (64.8 points), and the lowest among
among women in all groups, with the highest level of students of Group 3 who are in Ukraine in the combat
depression in Group 3 at 11.3 points. zone or near it (34.2 points). This is probably due to the
Bartlett’s sphericity test reached statistical significance uncertainty of the future, constant instability and danger.
for the correlation matrix of the GHQ-28 (p<0.001) and These students have a tendency to live one day at a time.
the KMO measure is 0.881. This indicates a reasonable At the same time, emotional support is the highest
factorability of the correlation matrix. The GHQ-28 is among cadets of Group 1 (25.7 points), while it is much
internally consistent, as indicated by Cronbach’s alpha lower among students of Groups 2 and 3 (17.6 and 12.3
for the four subscales: Somatic Symptoms α=0.842; points, respectively). This is probably due to the
Anxiety and Insomnia α=0.879; Social Dysfunction presence of an established team where the interaction
α=0.836; Severe Depression α=0.817; for the total scale between cadets is based on mutual assistance, mutual
α=0.903. These values indicate the homogeneity of the support, interchangeability, and low conflict. It should
items in each of the dimensions of the scale. be noted that, in contrast to other groups, emotional
We also noticed an interesting pattern. The hierarchy of support is significantly higher among women in Group
mean scores in the study groups is the same: the social 3 (13.3 points) than among men (11.5 points). This may
dysfunction scale ranks first, anxiety is second, be due to the fact that women are the ones who stay with
depression is third, and somatic symptoms are fourth. children and elderly parents, and are usually in the same
This indicates a certain structure of preclinical room when residential buildings are damaged by
psychological disorders among schoolchildren in shelling.
wartime conditions, where social adaptation disorders

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