Page 26 - IJSA, Vol. 6, No 1, 2023

International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2023
рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa

integration. The current study used a 22-item short form considered statistically significant if the p-value
of the F-SozU. The questionnaire consists of 3 major is <0.05. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure is
scales: emotional support, practical support, and social used to test sampling adequacy and must be greater than
integration. A certain number of statements correspond 0.60. Cronbach’s alpha is used to estimate the reliability
to each scale. Responses to direct questions about social of the instruments based on a required internal
support in the questionnaire are scored as follows: 1 – consistency of >0.70.
Not at all applied, 2 – Slightly applied, 3 – Moderately
applied, 4 – Very applied, 5 – Extremely applied. Results
Responses to negative social support questions are The results of the general health assessment in cadets
scored in reverse order. and students of Ukrainian universities during the war are
The factorability of the questionnaire is examined. shown in Table 1 (the GHQ-28 questionnaire was used).
Several criteria are used to determine the factorability of The mean score on the GHQ-28 was 33.8.
a correlation. The result of Bartlett’s sphericity test is

Table 1
Final Scores for General Health Assessment by GHQ-28 Subscales in Cadets and Students of Ukrainian Universities in
Wartime Conditions (Points)

GHQ-28 subscales Group 1 * Group 2 ** Group 3 ***
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Somatic symptoms 6.0 6.0 6.1 8.1 7.4 9.0 10.6 9.2 12.3
Anxiety and insomnia 6.9 6.8 7.1 8.6 9.5 7.2 10.8 9.1 12.8
Social dysfunction 6.5 6.5 6.4 8.6 9.5 7.2 11.2 12.9 9.2
Severe depression 6.5 6.5 6.7 8.1 7.4 9.2 10.1 9.0 11.3
General health 25.8 - - 33.4 - - 42.7 - -

Note.
* Group 1 (112 people): cadets whose permanent disposition was changed in Ukraine, including 95 (84.8%) males and 17
(15.2%) females;
** Group 2 (108 people): students who were displaced and who are in Ukraine and EU countries, including 64 (59.3%)
males and 44 (40.7%) females;
*** Group 3 (107 people): students who did not change their place of permanent residence and who are in Ukraine in the
combat zone or near it, including 59 (55.1%) males and 48 (44.9%) females.

According to the GHQ-28, the total score characterizing hostilities, is much lower (33.4 points). Group 1 cadets
borderline mental disorders in wartime conditions is from relatively safe regions of Ukraine had the lowest
highest among students in Group 3, amounting to 42.7 overall score. It is 25.8 points, which is 1.7 times lower
points. This may be due to the high level of than the score of students in Group 3, who are under
psychological trauma among this category of young regular shelling by Russian troops.
students. It should be noted that, considering gender, the Further elaboration of the General Health Questionnaire
score is higher for women (45.6 points) and lower for allows us to identify manifestations of somatic
men (40.3 points). Other groups showed the same trend. symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, and severe
The general health index for students of Group 2, living depression. The results for somatic symptoms and
in regions of Ukraine where there are no active anxiety are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1
Levels of the GHQ-28 Somatic Symptoms and Anxiety in Cadets and Students of Ukrainian Universities in Wartime
Conditions

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