Page 25 - IJSA, Vol. 4, No 2, 2021

International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2021
рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa

- the psychoanalytic approach to the analysis of the support clients by creating the conditions for the game
player’s personality through the study of psychological to continue without delving into the content.
ego defence mechanisms and the use of psychoanalytic If necessary, the game master uses metaphorical images
techniques (Freud et al., 1953/2001); (words, parables, anecdotes, stories) in the form of
- the analytical approach to the analysis of complexes therapeutic metaphors. A therapeutic metaphor deals
and the unconscious through the choice and with the unravelling of the hidden content of the client’s
interpretation of the choice of game pieces by players inner world and generates in his subconscious mind the
(Jung, 2014); processes associated with the construction of various
- the transactional analysis (structural analysis, internal associations. As a result, conscious and
transactional analysis, game analysis, scenario analysis) unconscious processes interact, giving rise to new
to study the interaction of players in communication, interpretations and new behavioural reactions. This
accompanied by the presentation of their positions reflects the inner experiences and the ability to reflect on
(Berne, 1964/2016); them. Another facet of the principle of neutrality is
- the Gestalt approach to the interpretation and realized through the game master’s concern for the
discussion of picture cards and stimulus cards carried emotional background of the game. In the proposed
out by participants in the game (Perls, 1973); methodology, it is the unity of word and action, decision
- the individual approach to the analysis of life goals and and its implementation that is the key to the
lifestyle at different age stages (game zones) of players transformation effect. The optimal background for the
(Adler, 2013); game is a positive atmosphere without an emphasis on
- the activity and body-oriented approach to the analysis the emotions of clients. This approach is not superficial,
of behaviour and nonverbal actions of players that they it provides the lightness and dynamism necessary to
perform during the game (Reich, 1972). maintain the focus on the goal. We usually perform more
Among the many methodological approaches and profound work with clients’ emotions at an individual
theories that we relied on in the development of “My session.
Dao”, the theory of “Leading Activity Periodization” The principle of equal position is transmitted through
should be singled out (Elkonin, 2001). According to this the position of the game master, who does not provide
theory, psychologists traditionally distinguish assistance or teach. He/she only creates the conditions
childhood, teenage, and early youth periods. for the game. Thus, each of the participants is the only
In the developed methodology, we have divided the expert in his/her life who is responsible for deciding and
game into three stages: achieving his/her own goals. The psychologist is
1) childhood, where the leading activity is play; responsible for strict compliance with the rules and the
2) adolescence and youth, where the leading activity is order of the game of participants. In addition, he/she can
education; ask formally logical questions without delving into the
3) the period of adulthood and old age, where the semantic aspects.
leading activity is a professional activity. The principle of unity of decision and action is key to
The important starting points and key principles of the the transformation process. It is realized not only in the
“My Dao” methodology are: semantic story that the client creates during the game but
- the principle of neutrality; also in a combination of sensorimotor and ideomotor
- the principle of equal position; components. We believe that when a participant of the
- the principle of unity of decision and action. game has no internal contradictions but enough
The principle of neutrality is realized through the inner motivation, the successful implementation of the plan is
position of the psychologist. This is due to the fact that inevitable. This idea is suggested by the psychologist to
the attitude of the game master affects the outcome of participants of the game. That is, if a participant has set
the game even if it has not been pronounced verbally. In a goal but cannot achieve it during the game, it does not
the game, the shown leading verbal and nonverbal mean that the task is not solved in principle. But that
signals of the psychologist can (consciously or means he/she is not to blame for his failure.
unconsciously) be added by the participants to their The developed psychological transformation game “My
personally significant self-created story. And this, in Dao” simulates the participants’ passage through typical
turn, further affects certain decisions. The position of stages of human life.
neutrality, in this case, implies a non-judgmental The aim of “My Dao” is to research the self-esteem and
approach, impartiality and professional interest of the motivation of participants, disclosing their personal
game master in the client. If a psychologist has personal resources for problem-solving and further development.
feelings and thoughts, it is important that he/she defines The target group of “My Dao”: it is designed for clients
them as a personal position and as one of the possible of a fairly wide age range ‒ from young people
points of view. (from 17) to the elderly, as well as for clients with a wide
In addition, the principle of neutrality is manifested in range of deep personal problems. It can be used for
the fact that the game master does not interpret the individuals in non-clinical and clinical psychotherapy.
information that arises during the game. He/she “My Dao” toolkit:
generally works based only on the formal signs of what 1) 12 figures representing animal symbols and
he/she hears and sees during the game. But he/she can corresponding to the types of temperament (properties)
of the nervous system:

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