Page 16 - IJSA, Vol. 6, No 1, 2023

International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2023
рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa

al., 2019). According to one study on undergraduate table of Isaac and Michael at the error level of 5%
students in Iran by Rahmati (2015), prolonged academic (Sugiyono, 2013). Undergraduate students between the
burnout causes stress, anxiety, frustration, depression, ages of 17 and 25 enrolled in universities in Indonesia
and low problem-solving skills. constitute the research sample. The sampling method
In academic contexts, several studies have found that used is convenience sampling (Gravetter & Forzano,
undergraduate students with high levels of self- 2018), which includes any person who meets the
compassion experience lower academic burnout requirements, is the simplest to locate, and is willing to
(Beaumont et al., 2016a; 2016b; K. Lee & Lee, 2020). participate in the research as a respondent.
Self-compassion in undergraduate students is also a Measuring Instruments
protective factor against chronic academic stress (Zhang The Skala Welas Diri (SWD) (Sugianto et al., 2020),
et al., 2016), since this causes undergraduate students to adapted from the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) by Neff
perceive academic demands as opportunities for self- (2003), was used to measure self-compassion. The
development, and to remain treating themselves well, instrument has three factors with respective polar
even under academic pressures (Beaumont et al., 2016a; opposites, which are self-kindness vs. self-judgment,
2016b; K. Lee & Lee, 2020; Zhang et al., 2016). common humanity vs. isolation, and mindfulness vs.
So far, there has been limited study into self-compassion over-identification. The SWD operationalizes the self-
and its relationship to academic burnout. Most of the compassion dimensions into six components comprised
literature view self-compassion as a moderating of 26 Likert-scale items, ranging from 1 (almost never)
variable, such as a protective factor of emotional to 5 (almost always). Psychometric assessment of SWD
responses to chronic academic stress (Zhang et al., by Sugianto et al. (2020) using the construct validity
2016); a moderator between academic demands, tests, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and
academic burnout, and depression (K. Lee & Lee, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients yielded a valid and
2020); and a moderator between perceived stress and reliable instrument, and showed that SWD has the same
academic burnout (Paramadina, 2022). Additionally, theoretical model as SCS. Before proceeding into the
Sabharwal et al. (2021) looked into the moderating role measuring process using SWD, SWD underwent a
of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between readability test on four individuals to ensure the items
self-compassion and academic burnout. Some studies on are comprehensible. Researchers also ran through a
self-compassion and academic burnout are also psychometric assessment of SWD, which confirmed the
constrained by sample sizes. Beaumont et al. (2016b) reliability (α=0.878) and construct validity (corrected
studied self-compassion and burnout in final-year item total correlation >0.20) of the instrument. To
Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapist (CBP) generate the scale score and component score, the
undergraduate students and Person-Centered average score is determined by dividing the total score
Counsellors undergraduate students with a small sample by the number of items, producing a score ranging from
size (n=54). In another study, Beaumont et al. (2016a) 1.00 to 5.00, which signifies the level of self-
has its limitation on its small sample (n=103) which compassion one has.
were midwifery undergraduate students, exclusively Researchers used the Maslach Burnout Inventory-
from one university in the North West of England, Student Survey (MBI-SS), which has been adapted and
United Kingdom. translated into Indonesian by Maharani (2019). The
Among the limited number of research discussing self- reliability testing shows that MBI-SS are reliable with
compassion and academic burnout (Paramadina, 2022), α=0.932 (Maharani, 2019). MBI-SS has 15 items
none directly seeks to determine the effect of self- consisting of three dimensions, i.e. exhaustion,
compassion on academic burnout. cynicism, and efficacy, using the Likert scale with a
The aim of the study. To investigate the effect of self- range of 1 (very unlikely) to 5 (very likely). The greater
compassion on academic burnout in undergraduate the individual’s academic burnout, the higher the total
students in Indonesia to improve on the findings and to score. Before implementing the MBI-SS, researchers
remove some limitations faced by prior studies. conducted readability tests on four people, with the
conclusion that all of the items could be understood.
Materials and Methods Researchers’ reliability testing results demonstrate that
In this study, non-experimental quantitative approach is the MBI-SS is reliable (α=0.824) and valid (corrected
used since the researchers wish to understand the causal item total correlation >0.20). The overall score, which
relationship without administering any direct demonstrates the degree of academic burnout
manipulation (Gravetter & Forzano, 2018). In this study, experienced, is calculated to obtain a scale score and
two variables – academic burnout and self-compassion dimension score.
are used. Research Procedure
The population of this study is Indonesian Since the data will be collected virtually and in person,
undergraduate students. According to the Higher researchers will create the questionnaires in both
Education Statistics from the Directorate General of computerized and printed versions. In addition to the
Higher Education of Indonesia (2020), there were SWD and MBI-SS instruments, researchers will inquire
7,113,663 undergraduate students enrolled in 2020. The demographic background in the questionnaire such as
number of samples to be taken is at least 349 gender, age, originating university, current major, and
undergraduate students when utilizing the reference current semester. For virtual data collection, researchers

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