Page 35 - IJSA, Vol. 6, No 1, 2023

International Journal of Science Annals, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2023
рrint ISSN: 2617-2682; online ISSN: 2707-3637; DOI:10.26697/ijsa

Introduction
The prevalence of hypertension has increased to the B100/Apo A1 ratio) for the prediction of cardiovascular
point where it is now a serious public health issue disease in essential hypertension.
worldwide. It is the leading cause of chronic illness The aim of the study. To investigate the significance of
treated in primary care clinics and the most common lipid parameters, apolipoproteins, and their ratio in
type of non-communicable disease (Kossaify et al., predicting cardiovascular disease among individuals
2014). In 1975, there were 590 million people (14.5%) with essential hypertension.
with high blood pressure around the world. This number
went up to 1.13 billion (15.3%) in 2015. The number of Materials and Methods
people with high blood pressure is expected to rise to This case-control study was conducted in the
1.56 billion by 2025 (Forouzanfar et al., 2017). In India, Department of Biochemistry, Shyam Shah Medical
the prevalence of hypertension among adults is College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India over 12 months
generally over 30%, with 34% in urban areas and 28% after receiving ethical clearance from Institutional
in rural areas (Anchala et al., 2014). Ethical Committee. A total of 500 subjects of either sex
Ninety percent of those who are diagnosed with were selected for the present study. Of these, 250 were
hypertension have essential hypertension, which is patients with essential hypertension and 250 were
defined as having high blood pressure for no obvious healthy control subjects. 250 patients of essential
reason. Idiopathic persistent elevation of the systemic hypertension (of either sex) of the age group 35-75 years
arterial pressure characterizes essential hypertension were selected from the OPD of Medicine ward of Shyam
(Kossaify et al., 2013). In addition to dietary patterns, Shah Medical College and associated Hospital, Rewa,

variables such as obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, and Madhya Pradesh, India. The JNC 7 (Joint National
dyslipidemia are key contributors to the development of Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and
hypertension (Bhavani et al., 2003). Treatment of High Blood Pressure) criteria were used to
Dyslipidemia arises as a result of alteration in lipid determine which cases of essential hypertension should
metabolism and is considered a risk factor for be included (Chobanian et al., 2003). 250 normal
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (Hussain et al., healthy subjects of the same age group with no

2019). It is well-established that hypertension is linked symptoms and signs suggestive of hypertension and no
to disturbances in lipid metabolism, which in turn lead family history of the hypertensive disease were selected
to abnormalities in blood lipid and lipoprotein levels. from in and around the hospital as controls. Informed
The prognosis of hypertensive patients is also written consent was obtained from each participant once
significantly hampered by the presence of they had been fully explained about the study.
hyperlipidemia, as has been well reported (Harvey et al., Patients with the following disease/condition were

1990). A tight relationship between dyslipidemia and excluded from the present study: secondary
hypertension has been suggested by several researchers hypertension, severe hepatic failure, renal failure,

(Nayak et al., 2016; Osuji et al., 2012). However, unstable cardiovascular condition, past incidences of
conventional lipid biomarkers do not provide cerebrovascular conditions, collagenous tissue disease,
sufficiently reliable measurements of dyslipidemia. malignancy, thyroid disease, severe depression,
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low- dementia, and diabetes mellitus. Pregnant women were
density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and also excluded from the present study.
intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) all contain The standard apparatus was used to take measurements
transporting molecules like apolipoprotein B (Apo B), of both height and weight with the subjects dressed in
so determining these molecules allows for a more minimal clothing and barefoot. Calibrated electronic
accurate estimation of atherogenicity than the traditional weighing scales were used for the measurement of
lipid parameters. Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) is a key weight whereas height was measured to the nearest
component of HDL-C, the antiatherogenic lipoprotein. centimeter using a portable stadiometer. Body mass
Apo A1 is favored over high-density lipoprotein index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms,
2
cholesterol in predicting cardiovascular diseases (HDL- divided by height in meters squared (kg/m ). The same
C). The Apo B/Apo A1 ratio thus appears to be a more person took all of the anthropometric measurements.
precise and comprehensive biomarker of lipid Following a resting period of 10 minutes, both the
metabolism and cardiovascular disease prediction systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured
(Nurtazina et al., 2020). using a mercury sphygmomanometer following an
Multiple studies have elucidated that lipid markers play accepted medical practice.
role in essential hypertension (Bhavani et al., 2003; Under aseptic conditions, about 05 ml of fasting venous
Osuji et al., 2012). However, the predictive value of blood was drawn from both patients with essential
apolipoproteins and their ratio (Apo B100/Apo A1 ratio) hypertension and control participants, and the sample
in cardiovascular disease risk assessment is still not well was distributed into two tubes based on the analysis to
recognized. Because of the paucity of information on be done. Approximately 2 ml of blood was drawn into a
apolipoproteins in essential hypertension, we undertook fluoride bulb to determine fasting plasma glucose and
this study to better understand the role of lipid the remaining 03 ml blood sample was dispensed into
parameters, apolipoproteins, and their ratio (Apo the plain tube for analysis of lipid parameters and
apolipoproteins. After drawing blood, the samples were

33